Long QT Syndrome With Drugs Used in the Management of Arrhythmias: A Systematic Review.

Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a severe cardiac disorder characterized by an abnormally prolonged QTc interval on an electrocardiogram (ECG), which can result in life-threatening irregular heart rhythms. The use of certain medications, particularly anti-arrhythmic drugs such as quinidine, sotalol, and amiodarone, can lead to acquired LQTS by prolonging the QT interval through the inhibition of specific ion channels responsible for heart repolarization, which may present symptoms like fainting, seizures, and sudden cardiac arrest. This systematic review, conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines, focused on analyzing the association between Long QT syndrome and drugs utilized for managing arrhythmias, involving a thorough examination of six selected studies from an initial pool of 68 articles.

Spontaneous α-C-H Carboxylation of Ketones by Gaseous CO at the Air-water Interface of Aqueous Microdroplets.

We present a catalyst-free route for the reduction of carbon dioxide integrated with the formation of a carbon-carbon bond at the air/water interface of negatively charged aqueous microdroplets, at ambient temperature. The reactions proceed through carbanion generation at the α-carbon of a ketone followed by nucleophilic addition to CO. Online mass spectrometry reveals that the product is an α-ketoacid.

Safety and Efficacy of an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) in the Detection and Prevention of Cardiac Arrhythmia - A Systematic Review.

Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) have been recommended as an effective therapy in treating sudden cardiac deaths. This study evaluates the safety and efficacies of ICDs in detecting arrhythmias. Different ICDs, such as the transvenous cardioverter defibrillator (TV-ICD) and the subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (S-ICD), are used.

Myoinositol Versus Metformin in the Treatment of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Systematic Review.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a widespread, complex, and multi-system hormonal disorder that occurs in women of reproductive age. The wide variation in practice in the treatment of PCOS is a direct consequence of the lack of sufficient evidence on alternative treatment strategies, as well as a poor understanding of the disorder itself. The aim of our systematic review was to assess the therapeutic advantages and adverse effects of metformin (MET), a standard treatment modality, with myoinositol (MI), a recent substitute that may be used alone or in combination with other remedies to treat PCOS.

Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Methylphenidate in the Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review.

The treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents can be challenging and involve a combination of pharmacologic and non-pharmacological approaches. Using recent literature, we aim to identify the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and methylphenidate (MPH) in reducing the symptoms and improving the quality of life. The investigators conducted a systematic review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines.

Efficacy and Safety of Medical Marijuana in Migraine Headache: A Systematic Review.

Medical marijuana treatment for migraine is becoming more common, although the legality and societal acceptance of marijuana for medical purposes in the United States have been challenged by the stigma attached to it as a recreational drug. These substances function to reduce nociception and decrease the frequency of migraine by having an impact on the endocannabinoid system. Our study reviewed the clinical response, dosing, and side effects of marijuana in migraine management.

The Key Role of Glutathione Compared to Curcumin in the Management of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Systematic Review.

In recent years, many documented cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have been on the rise. The complicated pathophysiology of the disease makes it challenging to manage. Two databases, PubMed and Google Scholar, have a detailed screening using keywords and Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) combinations.

Aggregation of molecules is controlled in microdroplets.

Molecular de-aggregation was observed at the air/water interface of aqueous microdroplets. We probed this phenomenon using dyes such as Rhodamine 6G (R6G), Rhodamine B, acridine orange, and fluorescein, which show aggregation-induced shift in fluorescence. The fluorescence micrographs of microdroplets derived from the aqueous solutions of these dyes show that they are monomeric at the air/water interface, but highly aggregated at the core.

Fecal Microbiota Transplant in Recurrent Clostridium Difficile Infections: A Systematic Review.

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) is the process of transferring the fecal microbiome from a healthy donor to an individual with repeated multiple episodes of Clostridium difficile infection. It is also known as stool transplant. Fecal microbiota transplant is effective and safe in various studies, the approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) remains pending.

Duration of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After Stent Implantation, Still an Enigma: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials.

Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is used in patients after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation to prevent stent thrombosis and ischemic events. The ideal duration of DAPT in patients after DES implantation is a topic of debate among clinicians. In the past, many research studies were published related to an optimal duration of DAPT after DES implantation.

Evaluating the Use of Hydroxychloroquine in Treating Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is one of the most common autoimmune diseases present today. Although treatment options may differ among clinicians, a commonly prescribed treatment is hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), alone or in combination with other medications. HCQ has been studied for its immunomodulatory effects as well as its role in treating adverse conditions associated with RA.

Interplay between Solubility Limit, Structure, and Optical Properties of Tungsten-Doped GaO Compounds Synthesized by a Two-Step Calcination Process.

This work unfolds the fundamental mechanisms and demonstrates the tunable optical properties derived via chemical composition tailoring in tungsten (W)-doped gallium oxide (GaO) compounds. On the basis of the detailed investigation, the solubility limits of tungsten (W) ion and associated effects on the crystal structure, morphology, and optical properties of W-doped GaO (GaW O, 0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.

Quantitative Evaluation of Tumour--Associated Tissue Eosinophilia and Cyclo-oxegenase-2 Gene in Oral Cancer Patients with Assessment of Long Term Outcomes.

Various histopathological parameters have been extensively studied for prognostication of oral cancer but the focus is now getting diverted towards the role of inflammatory mediators in cancer progression. The present study was undertaken to evaluate two such components of the inflammatory milieu, tumor-associated tissue eosinophilia (TATE) as well as Cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene expression, quantitatively in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients in relation to treatment outcomes and patterns of recurrence. A total of forty five patients with primary OSCC matching our inclusion criteria were selected for the study and followed up over a five year period.

Increased expression of macrophage colony-stimulating factor and its receptor in patients with endometriosis.

Objective: To investigate the expression and regulation of colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) and its receptor, C-FMS, in endometriosis.

Design: In vivo and vitro study.

Setting: University-based academic medical center.

A novel eco-friendly approach for textile sludge.

Solid waste management is a very serious problem in both human settlements and industrial establishments. In such cirumstances, management of sludge in textile industry has now become a burning issue due to its surplus volume and undesired characteristics. In such grim scenario, an attempt has been made to effectively dispose of the sludge generated in the treatment units of the textile sectors of Tirupur (India).

Elevated expression of the oncogene c-fms and its ligand, the macrophage colony-stimulating factor-1, in cervical cancer and the role of transforming growth factor-beta1 in inducing c-fms expression.

Cervical cancer is the third most common gynecologic cancer in the United States. The presence and possible involvement of several cytokines have been studied in cervical cancer; however, very little data, if any, are available on whether cervical tumors are responsive to stimulation by the macrophage colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1). Given the involvement of c-fms and its ligand CSF-1 in gynecologic cancers, such as that of the uterus and the ovaries, we have examined the expression of c-fms and CSF-1 in cervical tumor (n = 17) and normal cervix (n = 8) samples.

Bioavailability enhancement of poorly water soluble and weakly acidic new chemical entity with 2-hydroxy propyl-beta-cyclodextrin: selection of meglumine, a polyhydroxy base, as a novel ternary component.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of a polyhydroxy base, N-acetyl glucamine (also know as Meglumine), as a ternary component on the complexation of DRF-4367, a poorly water-soluble and weakly acidic anti-inflammatory molecule, with 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPbetaCD). The molecular inclusion of DRF-4367 with HPbetaCD alone and in combination with ternary component was aimed at improvement in solubility and, subsequently, dissolution rate-limited oral bioavailability. The solid complexes of DRF-4367 and HPbetaCD with or without meglumine (binary and ternary systems, respectively) were prepared as coevaporated product in different stoichiometric ratios and compared against physical mixture.

A cytokine promoter/yellow fluorescent protein reporter transgene serves as an early activation marker of lymphocyte subsets.

A mouse containing an IL-4 promoter linked to the yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) reporter transgene was created to follow aspects of lymphocyte development and function. Following stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and ionomycin, anti-CD3/CD28, antigen-specific peptide, or allogeneic cells, both CD4 and CD8 T cells expressed the transgene within 24h in a manner that was consistent with cellular activation markers. Transgene induction was inhibited by cyclosporine and FK506, suggesting that its activation occurs in an NFAT-dependent manner.

Validated HPLC analytical method with programmed wavelength UV detection for simultaneous determination of DRF-4367 and Phenol red in rat in situ intestinal perfusion study.

A simple, precise and accurate isocratic reverse-phase liquid chromatography method with programmed wavelength detection has been validated to quantify DRF-4367 and Phenol red, simultaneously for application in rat in situ single pass intestinal perfusion study to assess intestinal permeability of DRF-4367, a novel cox-2 inhibitor. The method was validated on RP C-18 analytical column. Mobile phase consisted of sodium dihydrogen orthophosphate (pH 3.