Analysis of Efflux Pump Contributions and Plasmid-Mediated Genetic Determinants in Ciprofloxacin-Resistant .

This study aimed to explore the interactions among genetic determinants influencing ciprofloxacin resistance in . Treatment with PAβN, an efflux pump inhibitor, resulted in a 4-32-fold reduction in the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) across all 18 ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates. Notably, isolates without point mutations reverted from resistance to sensitivity.

Gut microbial genomes with paired isolates from China illustrate probiotic and cardiometabolic effects.

The gut microbiome displays genetic differences among populations, and characterization of the genomic landscape of the gut microbiome in China remains limited. Here, we present the Chinese Gut Microbial Reference (CGMR) set, comprising 101,060 high-quality metagenomic assembled genomes (MAGs) of 3,707 nonredundant species from 3,234 fecal samples across primarily rural Chinese locations, 1,376 live isolates mainly from lactic acid bacteria, and 987 novel species relative to worldwide databases. We observed region-specific coexisting MAGs and MAGs with probiotic and cardiometabolic functionalities.

Dynamic response of different types of gut microbiota to fructooligosaccharides and inulin.

Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and inulin are beneficial for human health. However, their benefits differ in individuals who consume prebiotics. Several factors contribute to this variation, including host genetics and differences in the gut microbiota.

Response differences of gut microbiota in oligofructose and inulin are determined by the initial gut Bacteroides/Bifidobacterium ratios.

Prebiotics are known to modulate the gut microbiota, but there is host variability, mainly due to differences in carbohydrate-utilisation by gut microbiota. Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides are powerful carbohydrate-utilising bacteria, and the ratio of both is closely related to the utilisation of prebiotics. However, the differential impact of prebiotics on the composition and function of the gut microbiota and its metabolites in participants with different Bacteroides/Bifidobacterium (Ba/Bi) ratios have not been studied.

Compositional and functional features of the intestinal lactobacilli associated with different long-term diet types.

It is well known that diet is one of the most important factors in shaping the host's intestinal microbiota. Lactobacillus, a common group of probiotic bacteria, is widely distributed in the host gut, and studies have linked changes in lactobacilli in the gut to differences in dietary habits. Different dietary habits may affect not only the structural composition but also the function of lactobacilli in the intestine.

Meta-analysis reveals different functional characteristics of human gut Bifidobacteria associated with habitual diet.

Dietary habits contribute to the composition and function of the gut microbiota. Different dietary structures, including vegan, vegetarian, and omnivorous diets, affect intestinal Bifidobacteria; however, the relationship between Bifidobacterial function and host metabolism in subjects with different dietary patterns is unclear. Here, we analyzed five metagenomics studies and six 16S sequencing studies, including 206 vegetarians (VG), 249 omnivores (O), and 270 vegans (V), through an unbiased theme-level meta-analysis framework and discovered that diet significantly affects the composition and functionality of intestinal Bifidobacteria.

Integrative analysis of the metabolome and transcriptome reveals the influence of CCFM8610 on germ-free mice.

This study describes the influence of CCFM8610 on the host by employing transcriptome and untargeted metabolomics. According to the enrichment analysis, three pathways, including the complement and coagulation cascade pathway, antigen processing and presentation pathways, and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum pathway, were affected by CCFM8610 colonization. According to partial least squares-discriminant analysis, five metabolites, L-methionine, D-tryptophan, indoleacrylic acid, DL-acetylcarnitine, and L-norleucine, were identified as key metabolites in the serum.