Extracapsular extension risk assessment using an artificial intelligence prostate cancer mapping algorithm.

Objective: The objective of this study is to compare detection rates of extracapsular extension (ECE) of prostate cancer (PCa) using artificial intelligence (AI)-generated cancer maps versus MRI and conventional nomograms.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analysed data from 147 patients who received MRI-targeted biopsy and subsequent radical prostatectomy between September 2016 and May 2022. AI-based software cleared by the United States Food and Drug Administration (Unfold AI, Avenda Health) was used to map 3D cancer probability and estimate ECE risk.

Disparities in outpatient rural cholecystectomy outcomes.

Background: Previous studies showed comparable outcomes for common in-patient general surgery operations, but it is unknown if this extends to outpatient operations. Our aim was to compare outpatient cholecystectomy outcomes between rural and urban hospitals.

Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis was done using the Nationwide Ambulatory Surgery Sample for patients 20-years-and-older undergoing cholecystectomy between 2016 and 2018 ​at rural and urban hospitals.

How Integrating the 5 Pillars of Community Practice Can Transform Physical Therapist Education and Reduce Health Disparities.

Patient history assists clinicians in determining the most appropriate tests to identify the symptoms' source and select appropriate interventions. Therefore, a subjective history is an essential component of patient management. When physical therapist practitioners transition into academia, they must understand how the history of the education system may affect learners.

Culturally Responsive Pedagogy in Physical Therapy Education.

The push for holistic admissions practices in physical therapy education has evoked concerns that learners who are culturally and linguistically diverse might be less qualified than the predominant demographic traditionally admitted into programs. The implications are that culturally and linguistically diverse learners struggle academically and experience challenges passing the National Physical Therapy Examination. However, as the academic preparedness of learners is discussed, rarely does the conversation include the capabilities of faculty to teach these learners.

A Community Development Approach in Physical Therapist Education.

Unlabelled: Physical therapists should be able to screen patients for social determinants that impact health and refer to community resources as appropriate. To make appropriate referrals, physical therapists must equip themselves with skills to connect patients and clients to community resources outside the walls of their respective institutions, starting with developing these practices in physical therapist education programs. Experienced community builders recommend a community development approach where residents initiate and agree upon decisions, and outside stakeholders work as partners to elevate the community.

Equitable Grading Practices in Physical Therapist Education: A Case Report.

Objective: To optimize learning in physical therapist education, learners need opportunities to grow from their unique starting points. Traditional grading practices like A to F grades, zero grades, and grading on timeliness and professionalism hinder content mastery and accurate competency assessment. Grading should focus on mastery of skill and content, using summative assessments for final grades, a no-zero policy, and actionable feedback.

Common Pediatric Urologic Conditions: Contemporary Management of Cryptorchidism, the Retractile Testis, and Phimosis.

Undescended testis is the most common genital disorder identified at birth. Boys who do not have spontaneous descent of the testis at 6 months of age, adjusted for gestational age, should be referred to pediatric urology for timely orchiopexy. Retractile testes are at risk for secondary ascent of the testes and should be monitored by physical examination annually.

Severe BCG immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome lymphadenitis successfully managed with pre-antiretroviral counseling and a non-surgical approach: a case report.

Background: Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) reactions are the most common cause of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in HIV-positive infants who initiate antiretroviral therapy (ART). There is limited evidence regarding the incidence of BCG-IRIS; however, reports from outpatient cohorts have estimated that 6-9% of infants who initiated ART developed some form of BCG-IRIS within the first 6 months. Various treatment approaches for infants with BCG-IRIS have been reported, but there is currently no widely accepted standard-of-care.

In search of a neuropsychological profile for migraine: A scoping review.

Objective: Migraine is commonly overlooked by the general population and by professionals in research and clinical practice. Moreover, it is difficult to grasp the neuropsychological profile of migraineurs due to the cyclic nature of the disorder. With this in mind, a scoping review of the literature was conducted with the goal of characterizing cognitive domains associated with deficits in migraine.

Feasibility and acceptability of mobile phone-based triage tool to identify discharged trauma patients in need of further care in Cameroon.

Background: Lack of routine follow-up for trauma patients after hospital discharge likely contributes to high rates of injury-related complications in Cameroon. Mobile phone contact may facilitate timely follow-up and reduce disability for high-risk patients. A previous single-center study showed promising feasibility of mobile health (mHealth) triage, but generalizability remains unknown.

National trends and resource associated with recurrent penetrating injury.

Background: While recurrent penetrating trauma has been associated with long-term mortality and disability, national data on factors associated with reinjury remain limited. We examined temporal trends, patient characteristics, and resource utilization associated with repeat firearm-related or stab injuries across the US.

Methods: This was a retrospective study using 2010-2019 Nationwide Readmissions Database (NRD).

Impact of delayed intervention following admission for small bowel obstruction: A contemporary analysis.

Background: The optimal timing of surgical intervention for small bowel obstruction (SBO) remains debated.

Methods: All adults admitted for SBO were identified in the 2018-2019 National Inpatient Sample. Patients undergoing small bowel resection or lysis of adhesion after three days were considered part of the cohort.

Cost Variation in Bariatric Surgery Across the United States.

Background: High costs have been cited as a barrier to utilization of bariatric surgery despite the increasing prevalence of obesity in the United States. The present work characterizes the center-level variation and risk factors for increased hospitalization costs following bariatric operations.

Study Design: The 2016-2019 Nationwide Readmissions Database was queried to identify all adults undergoing elective laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG) or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB).

Identifying the origin of socioeconomic disparities in outcomes of major elective operations.

Background: While the impact of socioeconomic status (SES) on surgical outcomes has been examined in limited series, it remains a significant determinant of healthcare outcomes at the national level. Therefore, the current study aims to determine SES disparities at three time-points: hospital accessibility, in-hospital outcomes, and post-discharge consequences.

Methods: The Nationwide Readmissions Database 2010-2018 was used to isolate major elective operations.

Clinical and financial outcomes of transplant recipients following emergency general surgery operations.

Introduction: Due to immunosuppression and underlying comorbidities, transplant recipients represent a vulnerable population following emergency general surgery (EGS) operations. The present study sought to evaluate clinical and financial outcomes of transplant patients undergoing EGS.

Methods: The 2010-2020 Nationwide Readmissions Database was queried for adults (≥18 years) with non-elective EGS.

Postoperative length of stay following kidney transplantation in patients without delayed graft function-An analysis of center-level variation and patient outcomes.

Background: Early discharge after surgical procedures has been proposed as a novel strategy to reduce healthcare expenditures. However, national analyses of the association between discharge timing and post-transplant outcomes following kidney transplantation are lacking.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of all adult kidney transplant recipients without delayed graft function from 2014 to 2019 in the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network and Nationwide Readmissions Databases.

Bariatric surgery improves outcomes of hospitalizations for acute heart failure: a contemporary, nationwide analysis.

Background: The link between obesity and poor outcomes in heart failure (HF) has been well-established.

Objectives: This retrospective study sought to examine national rates and outcomes of acute HF hospitalizations in obese individuals with a prior history of bariatric surgery.

Setting: Academic, university-affiliated; the United States.

Rejecting the Status Quo: A Call to Action Using Culturally Responsive Pedagogy in Health Professions Programs.

Modern healthcare must reconcile its past and address the longstanding disparities becoming more prominent in the public consciousness. Shortcomings exist on personal and institutional levels, impacting the care people receive. In 2002, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) made three recommendations to reduce health inequities: integrating research to identify and reduce disparities, promoting cross-cultural education throughout health, and healthcare workforce diversification.

Care Fragmentation After Hospitalization for Acute Myocardial Infarction.

Care fragmentation (CF), or readmission at a nonindex hospital, has been linked to inferior clinical and financial outcomes for patients. However, its impact on patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is unclear. This study investigated the prevalence and impact of CF on the outcomes of patients with AMI.

Racial disparities in outcomes for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the United States.

Background: Racial disparities in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) outcomes in patients with a broad set of indications are not well documented.

Methods: Adults requiring ECMO were identified in the 2016-2019 National Inpatient Sample. Patient and hospital characteristics, including mortality, clinical outcomes, and resource utilization were analyzed using multivariable regressions.

The Presence of a Cost-Volume Relationship in Robotic-assisted Thoracoscopic Lung Resections.

Objective: To characterize the relationship between institutional robotic-assisted pulmonary lobectomy volume and hospitalization costs.

Background: The high cost of robotic-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (RATS) is among several drivers of hesitation among nonadopters. Studies examining the impact of institutional experience on costs of RATS lobectomy are lacking.

Validity of at-home rapid antigen lateral flow assay and artificial intelligence read to detect SARS-CoV-2.

Background: The gold standard for COVID-19 diagnosis-reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)- is expensive and often slow to yield results whereas lateral flow tests can lack sensitivity.

Methods: We tested a rapid, lateral flow antigen (LFA) assay with artificial intelligence read (LFAIR) in subjects from COVID-19 treatment trials (N = 37; daily tests for 5 days) and from a population-based study (N = 88; single test). LFAIR was compared to RT-PCR from same-day samples.

Partial Gland Ablation of Prostate Cancer: Effects of Repeat Treatment.

Objective: To evaluate the near-term clinical and pathological effects of repeat partial gland ablation (PGA) in men with intermediate-risk prostate cancer (PCa).

Materials And Methods: One hundred seventy men with focal lesions of PCa (all GG2 or GG3) underwent PGA with high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) or cryotherapy (CRYO) in prospective trials. Residual PCa in or near the ablation zone was found in 37 men after a first PGA; 30 went on to receive a second PGA and were the subjects of study.

Clinical and financial impact of chronic kidney disease in emergency general surgery operations.

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease is frequently encountered in clinical practice and often requires more intricate management strategies. However, its impact on outcomes of patients warranting emergency general surgery has not been well characterized. The present study examined the association of chronic kidney disease stage on in-hospital outcomes and readmission following emergency general surgery using a nationally representative cohort.

A Data-Informed Perspective on Public Preferences for Retaining or Abolishing Biannual Clock Changes.

Scientific, public, and political discourse around the perennial changing of the clocks during the transitions into and out of daylight saving time (DST) is a touchstone issue for the translation of fundamental chronobiology into societal impacts. The Society for Research on Biological Rhythms, along with other sleep science bodies, has issued a position statement that advocates for the abolition of the biannual clock changes and the adoption of permanent standard time for the optimization of population circadian health. However, there is a paucity of data on preexisting public perceptions and preferences with regard to these issues.