From cells to cars: Developing an electrochemical techniques and diagnostics course for new battery engineers.

We are a team of three battery researchers and engineers who are working with The Electrochemical Society to develop an "electrochemical techniques and diagnostics for batteries" curriculum, comprised of an online course and an in-person workshop. With a combined 40+ years of experience working in battery research and engineering, ranging from academia to electric vehicle manufacturing, we have noticed that there exists a gap in applied electrochemistry knowledge needed to train the rapidly expanding workforce of battery engineers and scientists. In this backstory, we explain the origin story of our team, our motivations for developing the course and the things we have learned in working together.

Vertical pelvic movement asymmetry and lameness location in ipsilateral combined forelimb and hindlimb lameness cases.

Background: Compensatory vertical head and pelvis movement asymmetry may occur in trotting horses with a primary cause of lameness in one end of the body due to the weight shifting between limbs, leading to apparent combined forelimb and hindlimb lameness (CFHL). Little is known about CFHL patterns observed with body-mounted inertial sensors (BMIS) and regardless of their underlying mechanisms, compensatory and secondary lameness may complicate the definitive identification of the primary causes of lameness.

Objective: Determine associations between vertical pelvic movement asymmetry and location of primary lameness in ipsilateral CFHL cases where hindlimb lameness is solely impact or push-off type.

Case report: Scapulohumeral arthrodesis in a reindeer.

This case report describes the anesthetic, surgical, and postoperative management of scapulohumeral arthrodesis in a juvenile reindeer with severe lameness due to a chronic proximal humeral fracture and scapulohumeral luxation. The reindeer was managed with prolonged stall confinement and physical therapy and 9 months postoperatively was walking and bearing weight equally when standing. This case demonstrates that comparative techniques from other veterinary species coupled with considerations for reindeer anesthesia can be successful in restoring functional soundness after scapulohumeral arthrodesis.

Prevalence and clinical significance of increasing head height asymmetry as a measure of forelimb lameness in horses when trotting in a straight line after palmar digital nerve block.

Background: Some horses increase in forelimb lameness, measured as vertical head height asymmetry, or differences in maximums and minimums of head heights (HDmax, HDmin), after a palmar digital nerve (PDN) block. The prevalence of this finding, or what it means clinically, has not been reported in peer-reviewed literature.

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of increasing head height asymmetry after a PDN block and determine if this is associated with cause of forelimb lameness.

Defining the Healthy Infant Metabolome: Liquid Chromatography Tandem-Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Dried Blood Spot Extracts from the Prospective Research on Early Determinants of Illness and Children's Health Trajectories Birth Cohort Study.

Newborn screening using dried plasma spots offers preanalytical advantages over conventional cards for plasma-associated targets of interest. Herein we present dried plasma spot-based methods for measuring metabolites using a 250+ compound liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry library. Quality assurance reduced this library to 134, and from these, 30 compounds determined the normal newborn reference ranges.

Medical management of an osseous sequestrum in an alpaca cria.

Case Description: A 2-month-old 12.0-kg (26.4-lb) sexually intact male alpaca was evaluated for a 1-week history of progressive forelimb lameness with no known history of trauma.

Effect of induced hindlimb length difference on body-mounted inertial sensor measures used to evaluate hindlimb lameness in horses.

This study has investigated the immediate effect of induced hindlimb length difference on hindlimb lameness measured as differences in minimum (Pmin) and maximum (Pmax) pelvic heights in 16 horses trotting in a straight line and lungeing on both hard and soft surfaces with body-mounted inertial sensors. Hindlimb length differences were induced by applying an Easyboot Glue-on shoe to one hindlimb. Changes in Pmin and Pmax with induced hindlimb length difference were assessed with a two-way repeated-measures ANOVA with trial (straight, lunge with inside limb elevation, lunge with outside limb elevation) and surface (hard, soft) as within-subject factors.

Comparison of results for body-mounted inertial sensor assessment with final lameness determination in 1,224 equids.

Objective: To compare results for initial body-mounted inertial sensor (BMIS) measurement of lameness in equids trotting in a straight line with definitive findings after full lameness evaluation.

Animals: 1,224 equids.

Procedures: Lameness measured with BMIS equipment while trotting in a straight line was classified into categories of none, forelimb only, hind limb only, and 8 patterns of combined forelimb and hind limb lameness (CFHL).

An attempt to detect lameness in galloping horses by use of body-mounted inertial sensors.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate head, pelvic, and limb movement to detect lameness in galloping horses. ANIMALS 12 Thoroughbreds. PROCEDURES Movement data were collected with inertial sensors mounted on the head, pelvis, and limbs of horses trotting and galloping in a straight line before and after induction of forelimb and hind limb lameness by use of sole pressure.

Associations of force plate and body-mounted inertial sensor measurements for identification of hind limb lameness in horses.

Objective: To investigate associations between inertial sensor and stationary force plate measurements of hind limb lameness in horses.

Animals: 21 adult horses with no lameness or with mild hind limb lameness.

Procedures: Horses were instrumented with inertial sensors and evaluated for lameness with a stationary force plate while trotting in a straight line.

Evaluation of a Permanent Synthetic Osteochondral Implant in the Equine Medial Femoral Condyle.

Objective: To evaluate bone ingrowth, integration, and tolerance of a synthetic osteochondral implant in the medial femoral condyle (MFC) of normal horses.

Study Design: Experimental study.

Animals: Adult horses (n = 6).

Evaluation of serum trace mineral, vitamin D, and sex steroid hormone concentration, and survey data in llamas and alpacas with metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal hyperextension.

Objective: To characterize serum trace mineral, sex steroid hormone, and vitamin D concentrations and identify factors associated with metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal hyperextension in llamas and alpacas.

Samples: Serum samples from 79 llamas and 15 alpacas and owner survey data for 573 llamas and 399 alpacas.

Procedures: Serum samples were stored at -20°C until analysis and were evaluated for trace mineral, vitamin D, estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone concentrations.

Comparison of a body-mounted inertial sensor system-based method with subjective evaluation for detection of lameness in horses.

Objective: To compare data obtained with an inertial sensor system with results of subjective lameness examinations performed by 3 experienced equine veterinarians for evaluation of lameness in horses.

Animals: 106 horses.

Procedures: Horses were evaluated for lameness with a body-mounted inertial sensor system during trotting in a straight line and via subjective evaluation by 3 experienced equine practitioners who performed complete lameness examinations including lunging in a circle and limb flexion tests.

Use of cecal bypass via side-to-side ileocolic anastomosis without ileal transection for treatment of ileocecal intussusception in a Vietnamese pot-bellied pig (Sus scrofa).

Case Description: A 5-year-old castrated male Vietnamese pot-bellied pig (Sus scrofa) was evaluated because of anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, and weight loss.

Clinical Findings: Hypermotile gastrointestinal sounds were noted on abdominal auscultation. An inflammatory leukogram, dehydration, prerenal azotemia, hyponatremia, hypochloremia, hyperproteinemia, hyperglobulinemia, hypomagnesemia, and high γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activity were identified.

Assessment of repeatability of a wireless, inertial sensor-based lameness evaluation system for horses.

Objective: To determine repeatability of a wireless, inertial sensor-based lameness evaluation system in horses.

Animals: 236 horses.

Procedures: Horses were from 2 to 29 years of age and of various breeds and lameness disposition.

Molecular, histologic, and trace mineral characterization of metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joint hyperextension in juvenile llamas.

Objective: To evaluate molecular and histologic characteristics of the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT), deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT), and suspensory ligament (SL) and assess trace-mineral concentrations in serum, liver, and hair of juvenile llamas with metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joint hyperextension.

Animals: 12 juvenile llamas (6 with bilateral hyperextension of metacarpophalangeal joints, metatarsophalangeal joints, or both and 6 clinically normal control llamas).

Procedures: Radiography and ultrasonography of metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal regions were performed.

Molecular and histologic evaluation of idiopathic hyperextension of the metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints in adult llamas.

Objective: To determine the molecular and histologic characteristics of hyperextension of the metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints in adult llamas.

Animals: 12 adult llamas (6 with bilateral hyperextension of the metacarpophalangeal or metatarsophalangeal joints [affected] and 6 age- and sex-matched clinically normal control llamas).

Procedures: Llamas were euthanized, and specimens of superficial digital flexor tendon, deep digital flexor tendon, and suspensory ligament were obtained from 4 areas and snap frozen in liquid nitrogen or suspended in neutral-buffered 10% formalin.

Collection and analysis of peritoneal fluid from healthy llamas and alpacas.

Objective: To describe a technique for abdominocentesis in camelids and report peritoneal fluid biochemical and cytologic findings from healthy llamas and alpacas.

Design: Prospective study. Animals-17 adult llamas and 5 adult alpacas.

Effectiveness of administration of phenylbutazone alone or concurrent administration of phenylbutazone and flunixin meglumine to alleviate lameness in horses.

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of administering multiple doses of phenylbutazone alone or a combination of phenylbutazone and flunixin meglumine to alleviate lameness in horses.

Animals: 29 adult horses with naturally occurring forelimb and hind limb lameness.

Procedures: Lameness evaluations were performed by use of kinematic evaluation while horses were trotting on a treadmill.

Complications after orthopedic surgery in alpacas and llamas: 24 cases (2000-2006).

Objective: To report complications associated with orthopedic surgery in alpacas and llamas.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Animals: Alpacas (n=18) and llamas (n=6) that orthopedic surgery using internal or external fixation.

Morphologic and biochemical characterization of hyperextension of the metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints in llamas.

Objective: To determine the morphologic and biochemical characteristics of hyperextension of the metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints in llamas.

Animals: 12 adult llamas (6 with bilateral hyperextension of the metacarpophalangeal or metatarsophalangeal joints and 6 age- and sex-matched control llamas).

Procedures: Llamas were evaluated by use of lameness examination, ultrasonography, and radiography.

In vitro bursting pressures of jejunal enterotomy closures in llamas.

Objective: To evaluate closure strength (in vitro bursting pressure) of jejunal enterotomies in llamas.

Study Design: In vitro experimental study.

Sample Population: Jejunal specimens (n=72) from 6 llamas.