Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease: Patients, Principles, and Prospects.

Nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) is increasing in incidence globally and challenging to manage. The 2020 multisociety treatment guideline and the 2022 consensus recommendations provide comprehensive evidence-based guides to manage pulmonary diseases caused by the most common NTM. However, with >190 different NTM species that may require different multidrug regimens for treatment, the breadth and complexity of NTM-PD remain daunting for both patients and clinicians.

Insights into the l,d-Transpeptidases and d,d-Carboxypeptidase of Mycobacterium abscessus: Ceftaroline, Imipenem, and Novel Diazabicyclooctane Inhibitors.

is a highly drug-resistant nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM). Efforts to discover new treatments for infections are accelerating, with a focus on cell wall synthesis proteins ( l,d-transpeptidases 1 to 5 [Ldt to Ldt] and d,d-carboxypeptidase) that are targeted by β-lactam antibiotics. A challenge to this approach is the presence of chromosomally encoded β-lactamase (Bla).

Challenging scenarios in nontuberculous mycobacterial infection in cystic fibrosis.

This review summarizes the discussion of a session held during the 2018 North American Cystic Fibrosis (CF) Conference titled "Challenging Cases in Nontuberculous Mycobacterial (NTM) Management." In this session, a multidisciplinary panel of NTM experts discussed clinical challenges related to the management of NTM infection in people with CF in which decision-making falls outside of the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation/European Cystic Fibrosis Society NTM guidelines. Topics discussed included managing newly acquired NTM infection, selecting and monitoring treatment regimens, determining treatment endpoints, and caring for patients after NTM treatment.

Efficacy and safety of tigecycline for Mycobacterium abscessus disease.

Purpose: Mycobacterium abscessus disease is one of the most difficult mycobacterial infections to cure, as the bacterium is highly resistant to conventional antibiotics. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tigecycline treatment of M. abscessus disease.

Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Musculoskeletal Infection Cases from a Tertiary Referral Center, Colorado, USA.

Nontuberculous mycobacteria represent an uncommon but important cause of infection of the musculoskeletal system. Such infections require aggressive medical and surgical treatment, and cases are often complicated by delayed diagnosis. We retrospectively reviewed all 14 nonspinal cases of nontuberculous mycobacterial musculoskeletal infections treated over 6 years by orthopedic surgeons at a university-affiliated tertiary referral center.

Species Distribution and Macrolide Susceptibility of Complex Clinical Isolates.

The understanding of species distribution and inducible macrolide resistance in the complex (MFC) is limited. Of 90 mostly respiratory MFC clinical isolates, half were , followed by , , , and Most , , and isolates were inducibly resistant to clarithromycin, whereas two-thirds of the isolates were clarithromycin susceptible. Clarithromycin-resistant isolates exhibited common mutations of (39), potentially involved in clarithromycin resistance.

Nontuberculous Mycobacteria: Epidemiology and the Impact on Pulmonary and Cardiac Disease.

This article reviews the current epidemiology of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease and the impact on thoracic disease. The prevalence of nontuberculous pulmonary disease in the United States is much higher than that of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Estimates support an annual increase in incidence of 8% per year.

Mycobacterium chimaera Infections Related to the Heater-Cooler Unit Outbreak: A Guide to Diagnosis and Management.

We are in the midst of a global outbreak of Mycobacterium chimaera infections related to a point source contamination of a widely used surgical device, the 3T heater-cooler unit. More than 250000 heart bypass procedures using heater-cooler devices are performed in the United States every year. It is estimated that 60% of these operations use the device associated with this outbreak.

The treatment of rapidly growing mycobacterial infections.

Rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) include a diverse group of species. We address the treatment of the most commonly isolated RGM-M abscessus complex, M fortuitum, and M chelonae. The M abscessus complex is composed of 3 closely related species: M abscessus senso stricto (hereafter M abscessus), M massiliense, and M bolletii.

Serodiagnosis of Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease in the USA.

Diagnosis of Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease (MAC-PD) can be difficult. A previous study from Japan reported the usefulness of a serodiagnostic test for MAC-PD. The objective of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the test in similar patients in the USA.

Diagnosis and treatment of infections due to Mycobacterium avium complex.

MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM complex (MAC) consists of nontuberculous mycobacteria that cause disease in immunocompromised and immunocompetent hosts. The organisms are ubiquitous in the environment, and acquisition occurs through ingestion or inhalation of aerosols from soil, water, or biofilms. Disease may manifest as disseminated infection, soft tissue infection, chronic pneumonia, or hypersensitivity pneumonitis.