The effect of prophylactic antibiotics on second-stage breast reconstruction: A retrospective analysis.

Background: Implant-based breast reconstruction has a higher infection risk than cosmetic augmentation, leading to routine prophylactic antibiotic use. We previously found extended prophylaxis reduced infections during the first-stage reconstruction with tissue expander/acellular dermal matrix placement. However, the most appropriate antibiotic class and duration of prophylaxis in the second-stage reconstruction remains unclear.

Investigating orbital foreign device-associated malignancies: a scoping review.

Background: While prosthesis-associated malignancies have been acknowledged, awareness among surgeons and patients in the ophthalmologic field remains limited, despite the frequent occurrence of prosthesis-related surgeries. We aim to address this gap through a scoping review of malignancies following ophthalmologic surgeries involving various foreign device/prosthesis/implants.

Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a review using PubMed and Embase for studies on cancer and ophthalmic prostheses/implants.

Repairing Bilateral Coronary-Pulmonary Artery Fistulas During Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.

Coronary-pulmonary artery fistulas (CPAFs) are rare entities that can cause significant left-to-right shunting and complicate routine coronary artery bypass grafting. There are no best practice guidelines and a scarcity of reports regarding concomitant treatment of CPAF with coronary artery disease. We present a case of bilateral CPAFs in a 60-year-old man with symptomatic coronary artery disease treated successfully with coronary artery bypass, epicardial ligation, and transpulmonary closure of CPAF with patch reconstruction.

Comparative analysis of comorbidity indexes in implant-based breast reconstruction.

Introduction: Recent studies have used comorbidity indexes to stratify postsurgical complication risk across multiple surgical fields, including plastic surgery. However, such studies are lacking in implant-based breast reconstruction (IBBR). Understanding how comorbidity scores affect postsurgical outcomes in IBBR can help identify patients who may require additional medical surveillance after surgery.

National trends in revision procedures in post-mastectomy breast reconstruction: Autologous vs implant-based approaches.

Background: Breast reconstruction involves collaborative decision-making between patients and surgeons, but the need for multiple revisions after the initial reconstructive surgery process can burden patients and the healthcare system. This study explored how the type of breast reconstruction (autologous [ABR], immediate implant-based reconstruction [IBR], or two-stage IBR) impacts postreconstruction revision rates.

Method: Using MarketScan Databases, a retrospective database study (2007-2021) was conducted, identifying revision procedures through Current Procedural Terminology codes.

Impact of post-operative infection on revision procedures in breast reconstruction: A marketscan database analysis.

Background: Esthetic complications, such as capsular contracture and soft-tissue contour defects, hinder the desired outcomes of breast reconstruction. As subclinical infection is a prevailing theory behind capsular contracture, we investigated the effects of post-operative infections on these issues and revision procedures.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective database study (2007-2021) on breast reconstruction patients from the MarketScan® Databases.

Analyzing the Visibility of Gender-Affirming Surgery Education on US Plastic Surgery Residency Program Web Sites.

Background: As the demand for gender affirmation grows, teaching gender-affirming surgery (GAS) in plastic and reconstructive surgery (PRS) programs has become increasingly important. Residency applicants interested in GAS often use program web sites to explore potential training opportunities. Our study aimed to quantify the GAS training opportunities promoted on residency program web sites and determine the characteristics of programs likely to promote GAS training.

Echocardiographic Versus Invasive Aortic Valve Gradients in Different Clinical Scenarios.

Background: The role of echocardiography in deriving transvalvular mean gradients from transaortic velocities in aortic stenosis (AS) and in structural valve degeneration (SVD) is well established. However, reports following surgical aortic valve replacement, post-transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), and valve-in-valve-TAVR (ViV-TAVR) have cautioned against the use of echocardiography-derived mean gradients to assess normal functioning bioprosthesis due to discrepancy compared with invasive measures in a phenomenon called discordance.

Methods: In a multicenter study, intraprocedural echocardiographic and invasive mean gradients in AS, SVD, post-native TAVR, and post-ViV-TAVR were compared, when obtained concomitantly, and discharge echocardiographic gradients were recorded.

How Postoperative Infection Affects Reoperations after Implant-based Breast Reconstruction: A National Claims Analysis of Abandonment of Reconstruction.

Unlabelled: Infection after implant-based breast reconstruction adversely affects surgical outcomes and increases healthcare utilization. This study aimed to quantify how postimplant breast reconstruction infections impact unplanned reoperations, hospital length of stay, and discontinuation of initially desired breast reconstruction.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using Optum's de-identifed Clinformatics Data Mart Database to analyze women undergoing implant breast reconstruction from 2003 to 2019.

Racial Disparities in Postoperative Breast Reconstruction Outcomes: A National Analysis.

Background: Studies have shown that Black patients are more likely to experience complications following breast reconstruction compared to other racial groups. Most of these studies have been conducted on patient populations focusing on either autologous or implant-based reconstruction without possible predictive indicators for complication disparities for all types of reconstruction procedures. The aim of this study is to elucidate disparities among patient demographics by identifying predictors of complications and postoperative outcomes among different racial/ethnic patients undergoing breast reconstruction utilizing multi-state, multi-institution, and national level data.

Reporting and interpreting non-significant results in animal cognition research.

How statistically non-significant results are reported and interpreted following null hypothesis significance testing is often criticized. This issue is important for animal cognition research because studies in the field are often underpowered to detect theoretically meaningful effect sizes, , often produce non-significant -values even when the null hypothesis is incorrect. Thus, we manually extracted and classified how researchers report and interpret non-significant -values and examined the -value distribution of these non-significant results across published articles in animal cognition and related fields.

Postoperative Antibiotics Confer No Protective Association After Fat Grafting for Breast Reconstruction.

Introduction: Autologous fat grafting after breast reconstruction is a commonly used technique to address asymmetry and irregularities in breast contour. While many studies have attempted to optimize patient outcomes after fat grafting, a key postoperative protocol that lacks consensus is the optimal use of perioperative and postoperative antibiotics. Reports suggest that complication rates for fat grafting are low relative to rates after reconstruction and have been shown to not be correlated to antibiotic protocol.

The Relationship Between Hospital Stroke Center Designation and TVT Reported Stroke: The Michigan TAVR Experience.

Background: The 30-day rate of stroke after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has been suggested as a hospital quality metric. Thirty-day stroke rates for nonsurgical, high, and moderate-risk TAVR trials were 3.4% to 6.

Invasive versus echocardiographic gradients in degenerated surgical aortic valve prostheses: A multicenter study.

Objectives: To compare echocardiographic and invasive mean gradients obtained concomitantly in degenerated bioprosthetic surgical aortic valves (SAVRs).

Methods: In a multicenter study, we compared concomitant echocardiographic and invasive mean gradients of SAVR, obtained before valve-in-valve transcatheter aortic valve replacement in all patients, patients with primary stenosis (AS), primary aortic regurgitation (AR), and mixed aortic valve disease (MAVD), and in small versus large valves (≤ or >23 mm). Dimensionless index (DI) was calculated in all groups.

Renal Function-Based Contrast Threshold Predicts Kidney Injury in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) after contrast-guided interventions is associated with adverse outcomes, but the role of contrast in the context of renal function is less well described for patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).

Methods: Patients from the Michigan TAVR registry between January 2016 and December 2019 were included. AKI was defined using Valve Academic Research Consortium 2 definitions.

Comparison of Transvalvular Aortic Mean Gradients Obtained by Intraprocedural Echocardiography and Invasive Measurement in Balloon and Self-Expanding Transcatheter Valves.

Background Concerns about discordance between echocardiographic and invasive mean gradients after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) with balloon-expandable valves (BEVs) versus self-expanding valves (SEVs) exist. Methods and Results In a multicenter study, direct-invasive and echocardiography-derived transvalvular mean gradients obtained before and after TAVR were compared as well as post-TAVR and discharge echocardiographic mean gradients in BEVs versus SEVs in 808 patients. Pre-TAVR, there was good correlation (=0.

The Zoom Effect: A Google Trends Analysis.

Background: Increased video-chatting, stimulated by the COVID-19 pandemic, has been correlated with increased appearance concerns. Initial lockdown restrictions correlated with a decrease in aesthetic/cosmetic plastic surgery case volumes.

Objectives: The authors aimed to delineate public interest in aesthetic procedures surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic via Google Trends.

Intercostal Cryo Nerve Block in Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery: The Prospective Randomized FROST Trial.

Introduction: Intercostal cryo nerve block has been shown to enhance pulmonary function recovery and pain management in post-thoracotomy procedures. However, its benefit have never been demonstrated in minimal invasive thoracotomy heart valve surgery (Mini-HVS). The purpose of the study was to determine whether intraoperative intercostal cryo nerve block in conjunction with standard of care (collectively referred to hereafter as CryoNB) provided superior analgesic efficacy in patients undergoing Mini-HVS compared to standard-of-care (SOC).

Failure to rescue: variation in mortality after cardiac surgery.

Objectives: Measures to prevent surgical complications are critical components of optimal patient care, and adequate management when complications occur is equally crucial in efforts to reduce mortality. This study aims to elucidate clinical realities underlying in-hospital variations in failure to rescue (FTR) after cardiac surgery.

Methods: Using a statewide database for a quality improvement program, we identified 62 450 patients who had undergone adult cardiac surgery between 2011 and 2018 in 1 of the 33 Michigan hospitals performing adult cardiac surgery.

Surgical Explantation of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Bioprostheses: A Statewide Experience.

Background: Despite the rapid adoption of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) since its initial approval in 2011, the frequency and outcomes of surgical explantation of TAVR devices (TAVR-explant) is poorly understood.

Methods: Patients undergoing TAVR-explant between January 2012 and June 2020 at 33 hospitals in Michigan were identified in the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Database and linked to index TAVR data from the Transcatheter Valve Therapy Registry through a statewide quality collaborative. The primary outcome was operative mortality.