PTCOG Gastrointestinal Subcommittee Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Malignancies Consensus Statement.

Purpose: Radiotherapy delivery in the definitive management of lower gastrointestinal (LGI) tract malignancies is associated with substantial risk of acute and late gastrointestinal (GI), genitourinary, dermatologic, and hematologic toxicities. Advanced radiation therapy techniques such as proton beam therapy (PBT) offer optimal dosimetric sparing of critical organs at risk, achieving a more favorable therapeutic ratio compared with photon therapy.

Materials And Methods: The international Particle Therapy Cooperative Group GI Subcommittee conducted a systematic literature review, from which consensus recommendations were developed on the application of PBT for LGI malignancies.

De-escalating radiotherapy in HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: how much is too little?

Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) had a rapidly increasing incidence rate in high-income countries, with a significant increase in cases related to human papilloma virus (HPV). HPV-positive (HPV+) OPSCC has shown better survival rates compared with HPV-negative (HPV-) cases, prompting investigations into de-escalation strategies to reduce or change chemoradiotherapy protocols. We present a case of a patient with HPV+ OPSCC who discontinued chemoradiotherapy after 2 weeks, effectively receiving a de-escalated dose of 18 Gy over nine fractions and only one cycle of cisplatin, subsequently undergoing curative surgical resection with no residual disease in the radiotherapy field 14 years later.

TORPEdO: A phase III trial of intensity-modulated proton beam therapy versus intensity-modulated radiotherapy for multi-toxicity reduction in oropharyngeal cancer.

•There is a lack of prospective level I evidence for the use of PBT for most adult cancers including oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC).•TORPEdO is the UK's first PBT clinical trial and aims to determine the benefits of PBT for OPSCC.•Training and support has been provided before and during the trial to reduce variations of contouring and radiotherapy planning.

Dose-escalated intensity-modulated radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers: ART DECO, a phase III randomised controlled trial.

Background: Radical (chemo)radiotherapy offers potentially curative treatment for patients with locally advanced laryngeal or hypopharyngeal cancer. We aimed to show that dose-escalated intensity-modulated radiotherapy (DE-IMRT) improved locoregional control.

Methods: We performed a phase III open-label randomised controlled trial in patients with laryngeal or hypopharyngeal cancer (AJCC III-IVa/b, TNM 7).

Effects of cardiopulmonary bypass perfusion temperature on perioperative renal function in adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

Aims And Objective: The primary objective of this investigation was to study the effects of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) perfusion temperature on renal function parameters [serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, urine albumin, urine protein, and urine albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR)]. The secondary objective was to detect renal complications of CPB.

Materials And Methods: This is a prospective longitudinal study of 30 adult patients (17 men, 13 women; mean age, 53.

Review on the Cellular Mechanisms of Low-Level Laser Therapy Use in Oncology.

Photobiomodulation (PBM) using low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is a treatment that is increasingly used in oncology. Studies reported enhancement of wound healing with reduction in pain, tissue swelling and inflammatory conditions such as radiation dermatitis, oral mucositis, and lymphedema. However, factors such as wavelength, energy density and irradiation frequency influence the cellular mechanisms of LLLT.

Nivolumab in Patients with Recurrent or Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: Efficacy and Safety in CheckMate 141 by Prior Cetuximab Use.

Purpose: Cetuximab, which modulates immune responses, may affect the efficacy of subsequent immunotherapy. Here, we assessed outcomes with nivolumab, by prior cetuximab exposure, in patients with recurrent or metastatic (R/M) squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) who had experienced progression within 6 months of platinum-containing chemotherapy.

Patients And Methods: In the randomized, open-label, phase III CheckMate 141 trial, patients were randomized 2:1 to nivolumab 3 mg/kg every 2 weeks or investigator's choice (IC) of single-agent chemotherapy, with stratification by prior cetuximab exposure.