Targeting signaling pathways in neurodegenerative diseases: Quercetin's cellular and molecular mechanisms for neuroprotection.

Background: Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease, are complex and challenging due to their intricate pathophysiology and limited treatment options.

Methods: This review systematically sourced articles related to neurodegenerative diseases, neurodegeneration, quercetin, and clinical studies from primary medical databases, including Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science.

Results: Recent studies have included quercetin to impact the cellular and molecular pathways involved in neurodegeneration.

Cellular stress response and neuroprotection of flavonoids in neurodegenerative diseases: Clinical insights into targeted therapy and molecular signaling pathways.

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are caused by the gradual decline of neuronal structure and function, which presents significant challenges in treatment. Cellular stress responses significantly impact the pathophysiology of these disorders, often exacerbating neuronal damage. Plant-derived flavonoids have demonstrated potential as neuroprotective agents due to their potent anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidant properties.

Therapeutic Potential of Plant Metabolites in Bone Apoptosis: A Review.

Osteoporosis is one of the skeletal diseases of major health concern worldwide. Homeostasis of bone occurs with the help of cells, namely, osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Physiological and pathological conditions involve the death of the cells by apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis.

Harnessing immunotherapy to combat COVID-19: A modern snake oil or silver bullet?

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), has emerged into a global health and economic menace. Amidst the COVID-19 turmoil, recent failures/uncertain outcomes in clinical trials involving the anti-malarial (hydroxychloroquine), anti-viral (remdesivir) or the combination of anti-malarial/antibiotic (hydroxychloroquine/azithromycin) regimens have predisposed the physicians to distrust these "highly-touted" drugs for COVID-19. In this milieu, immunotherapy might be a credible modality to target or modify specific/non-specific immune responses that interfere with the survival of intracellular pathogens.

Bioactive role of plant stress hormone methyl jasmonate against lipopolysaccharide induced arthritis.

The current investigation was carried out to screen antiarthritic potential of Methyl Jasmonate (MJ) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced arthritis. Cartilage damage was induced in experimental animals by intraplantar administration of LPS (1 mg/kg) and antiarthritic effect of MJ was screened in two doses of MJ-1 (20 mg/kg), MJ-2 (40 mg/kg) by intraperitoneally administration. Indomethacin (30 mg/kg p.

Development and Characterization of Squalene-Loaded Topical Agar-Based Emulgel Scaffold: Wound Healing Potential in Full-Thickness Burn Model.

Full-thickness burns pose a major challenge for clinicians to handle because of their restricted self-healing ability. Even though several approaches have been implemented for repairing these burnt skin tissue defects, all of them had unsatisfactory outcomes. Moreover, during recent years, skin tissue engineering techniques have emerged as a promising approach to improve skin tissue regeneration and overcome the shortcomings of the traditional approaches.

Molecular mechanism of plant stress hormone methyl jasmonate for its anti-inflammatory activity.

Plant stress hormones (Phytohormones/PTH) are abundantly present in numerous vascular plants. Several classes of plant stress hormones like auxins (AU) & gibberellins (GA), cytokinins (CK), abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene (ET), salicylic acid (SA), jasmonates (JA), brassinosteroids (BR) and strigolactones are synthesized within specialized plant cells. Among them, jasmonate are prominent class of stress hormones involved in survival of plants in stressful conditions.

Icariin-Loaded Polyvinyl Alcohol/Agar Hydrogel: Development, Characterization, and In Vivo Evaluation in a Full-Thickness Burn Model.

Tissue regeneration has become a promising strategy for repairing damaged skin tissues. Among the hydrogels for tissue regeneration applications, topical hydrogels have demonstrated great potential for use as 3D-scaffolds in the burn wound healing process. Currently, no report has been published specifically on icariin-loaded polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/agar hydrogel on full-thickness burn wounds.

Methyl jasmonate a stress phytohormone attenuates LPS induced in vivo and in vitro arthritis.

The objective of present study was to screen the effect of methyl jasmonate (MJ) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced in vivo and in vitro arthritis. Arthritis was induced in wistar rats by intraplantar administration of LPS (1 mg/Kg) and effect of MJ was screened in two doses (20, 40 mg/Kg, IP), indomethacin (30 mg/Kg p.o) was used as standard.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylethanol Assuages Cognitive Impulsivity in Alzheimer's Disease by Attuning HPA-Axis via Differential Crosstalk of α7 nAChR with MicroRNA-124 and HDAC6.

Cognitive impulsivity, a form of suboptimal cost-benefit decision making, is an illustrious attribute of an array of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, a delay discounting paradigm was used to assess the effect of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol (DOPET) on cognitive impulsivity, in an oA42i (oligomeric amyloid β plus ibotenic acid) induced AD mouse model, using a nonspatial T-maze task. The results depicted that oA42i administration elevated cognitive impulsivity, whereas DOPET treatment attenuated the impulsive behavior and matched the choice of the sham-operated controls.

Dexamethasone provoked mitochondrial perturbations in thymus: Possible role of N-acetylglucosamine in restoration of mitochondrial function.

Thymus mitochondria play a crucial role in immune function. This study identifies the novel protective role of N-Acetylglucosamine (NAG) in dexamethasone (DEX) induced mitochondrial perturbations in mice thymus. Mice were induced with DEX (5mg/kg) and treated with NAG i.

3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol attenuates spatio-cognitive deficits in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model: modulation of the molecular signals in neuronal survival-apoptotic programs.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common type of dementia, is a devastating neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive neuro-cognitive dysfunction. In our study, we investigated the potential of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol (DOPET), a dopamine metabolite, and also a polyphenol from olive oil, in ameliorating soluble oligomeric amyloid β1-42 plus ibotenic acid (oA42i)-induced neuro-behavioral dysfunction in C57BL/6 mice. The results depicted that intracerebroventricular injection of oA42i negatively altered the spatial reference and working memories in mice, whereas DOPET treatment significantly augmented the spatio-cognitive abilities against oA42i.

Immunopotentiation of hepatitis B vaccine using biodegradable polymers as an adjuvant.

Background/purpose: The purpose of this research was to develop an alternative adjuvant for hepatitis B vaccine (HBsAg) that elicits a long-lasting immune response after a single administration. In this study, the suitability of Poly (D, L)-lactide-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), Poly lactic acid (PLA) and Chitosan polymers as adjuvants for HBsAg were investigated.

Methods: We used solvent evaporation and emulsion cross-linking techniques to encapsulate HBsAg into the different polymeric systems.

Hepatic perturbations provoked by azathioprine: a paradigm to rationalize the cytoprotective potential of Ficus hispida Linn.

The present study was embarked upon in an endeavor to ascertain whether Ficus hispida leaf extract (FHLE) modulates azathioprine-induced hepatic damage. Azathioprine treated rats displayed a plethora of pathological events, which include loss of hepatocellular membrane integrity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and nuclear damage; whilst FHLE pretreated rats significantly precluded these abnormalities. These data were in harmony with the transmission electron microscopic studies.

Influence of alpha lipoic acid on antioxidant status in D-galactosamine-induced hepatic injury.

D-Galactosamine (GalN)-induced liver injury is associated with reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) supplementation on acute GalN-induced oxidative liver injury. Hepatotoxicity induced by single intraperitoneal injection of GalN (500 mg/kg body wt) was evident from increase in lipid peroxidation and serum marker enzymes (asparate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase).

Immune Augmentation of Single Contact Hepatitis B Vaccine by Using PLGA Microspheres as an Adjuvant.

The present study was aimed to replace the alum type adjuvant for hepatitis B vaccine. The hepatitis B vaccine was encapsulated in poly (DL-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres by solvent evaporation technique. The formulated microspheres were characterized in terms of morphology, particle size analysis, in vitro release study and in vivo immune response in male Wistar rats.

Mitigation of azathioprine-induced oxidative hepatic injury by the flavonoid quercetin in wistar rats.

ABSTRACT Azathioprine (AZA), one of the widely prescribed immunosuppressant drugs in organ transplantation and autoimmune diseases, could cause hepatotoxicity in the course of therapy. The current work was designed to assess the protective role of the dietary flavonoid, quercetin (QE), in oxidative hepatic damage induced by AZA. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into four treatment groups.