The bile acid chenodeoxycholic acid associates with reduced stroke in humans and mice.

Bile acids are liver-derived signaling molecules that can be found in the brain, but their role there remains largely unknown. We found increased brain chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) in mice with absent 12α-hydroxylase (Cyp8b1), a bile acid synthesis enzyme. In these Cyp8b1, and in Wt mice administered CDCA, stroke infarct area was reduced.

Knowledge, awareness and attitude of eye donation among non-clinical staff of a tertiary eye hospital in South India.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, awareness and attitude of eye donation among non-clinical staff of tertiary eye hospitals and to convey a positive attitude toward eye donation by enhancing their awareness and knowledge.

Methods: An online cross-sectional study was conducted among the non-clinical staff from all centers of a tertiary eye care hospital across Tamil Nadu. Quiz link was emailed to non-clinical staff of all the centers.

Primary Localized Cutaneous Amyloidosis Affecting Female Individuals of a Pakistani Pedigree.

Primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis is a group of rare conditions where amyloid deposition is limited to the skin without systemic manifestations. Most cases are sporadic; however, mutations in the oncostatin M receptor (OSMR) and interleukin-31 receptor A (IL31RA) genes can cause a familial form of the condition in up to 10% of cases. Here, we describe a family in which 8 female individuals are affected by either macular amyloidosis or amyloidosis cutis dyschromica.

The key informant strategy to determine the prevalence and causes of functional low vision among children in South India.

Purpose: To report the prevalence and causes of functional low vision (FLV) in school-age children in Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu, India and to report our experience using the key informant (KI) method in this setting.

Methods: Children suspected of having low vision were identified by KIs or Aravind Eye Hospital personnel in Coimbatore District. All identified children underwent a cycloplegic refraction and full eye exam.