Role of collectins and complement protein C1q in pregnancy and parturition.

Collectins such as surfactant proteins SP-A, SP-D, and mannan-binding lectin (MBL), as well as complement protein C1q are evolutionarily conserved innate immune molecules. They are known to opsonize a range of microbial pathogens (bacteria, fungi, virus, and parasites) and trigger effector clearance mechanisms involving phagocytosis and/or complement activation. Collectins and C1q have also attracted attention in studies involving pregnancy as they are expressed in the female reproductive tissues during pregnancy; a unique state of immune suppression with increased susceptibility to infectious diseases.

Expression of surfactant proteins SP-A and SP-D in murine decidua and immunomodulatory effects on decidual macrophages.

Surfactant proteins SP-A and SP-D are pattern recognition innate immune molecules that belong to the C-type lectin family. In lungs, they play an important role in the clearance of pathogens and control of inflammation. SP-A and SP-D are also expressed in the female reproductive tract where they play an important role in pregnancy and parturition.

Emerging and Novel Functions of Complement Protein C1q.

Complement protein C1q, the recognition molecule of the classical pathway, performs a diverse range of complement and non-complement functions. It can bind various ligands derived from self, non-self, and altered self and modulate the functions of immune and non-immune cells including dendritic cells and microglia. C1q involvement in the clearance of apoptotic cells and subsequent B cell tolerance is more established now.

Decidual expression and localization of human surfactant protein SP-A and SP-D, and complement protein C1q.

Surfactant proteins SP-A and SP-D, and complement protein C1q are soluble innate immune pattern recognizing molecules. SP-A, SP-D and C1q have an overall similar structure composed of an N-terminal triple-helical collagen region that is followed by a trimeric globular domain. While SP-A and SP-D belong to the collectin family (collagen containing lectin), C1q is the first recognition subcomponent of the classical pathway of the complement system.

Transcriptional Factor PU.1 Regulates Decidual C1q Expression in Early Pregnancy in Human.

C1q is the first recognition subcomponent of the complement classical pathway, which in addition to being synthesized in the liver, is also expressed by macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs). Trophoblast invasion during early placentation results in accumulation of debris that triggers the complement system. Hence, both early and late components of the classical pathway are widely distributed in the placenta and decidua.

SP-A and SP-D in host defense against fungal infections and allergies.

Innate immunity mediated by pattern recognition proteins is relevant in the host defense against fungi. SP-A and SP-D are two such proteins belonging to the class of collagen domain containing C-type lectins, or collectins. They bind to the sugar moieties present on the cell walls of various fungi in a dose dependent manner via their carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD).