Unlocking the diagnostic potential of vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin-17: Advancing early detection strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Tian investigated the diagnostic value of serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) in primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC). Their retrospective study, published in the , revealed that the serum levels of VEGF and IL-17 are significantly elevated in PHC patients compared with healthy controls. These biomarkers are closely associated with pathological features such as tumor metastasis and clinical tumor node metastasis stage.