Diverse Colonisation and Disease Associations of the Human Commensal Malassezia: Our Body's Secret Tenant.

A niche in the context of microorganisms defines the specific ecological role or habitat inhabited by microbial species within an ecosystem. For the human commensal Malassezia, the skin surface is considered its primary niche, where it adapts to the skin environment by utilising lipids as its main carbon and energy source. However pathogenic characteristics of Malassezia include the production of allergens, immune modulation and excessive lipid utilisation, which result in several diseases such as pityriasis versicolor, seborrheic dermatitis, Malassezia folliculitis and atopic dermatitis.

MCM10: A potential biomarker for cervical cancer and precancerous lesions.

Cervical cancer remains a significant health burden worldwide, emphasizing the need for early detection and intervention. DNA replication is perturbed in cancer cells, and the minichromosome maintenance protein 10 plays an important role in origin firing. By analyzing the MCM10 mRNA expression in healthy controls, precancerous lesions, and cervical cancer using qRT-PCR, we can infer if it can be considered a biomarker.

Enhanced visualization of nuclear staining and cell cycle analysis for the human commensal Malassezia.

Malassezia is a lipophilic commensal yeast that resides mainly on the mammalian skin and is also found to associate with the internal organs. Dysbiosis of Malassezia is related to several diseases and often escapes detection as it is difficult to culture and maintain. Malassezia cell wall differs from other budding yeasts like S.

Multifaceted role of the DNA replication protein MCM10 in maintaining genome stability and its implication in human diseases.

MCM10 plays a vital role in genome duplication and is crucial for DNA replication initiation, elongation, and termination. It coordinates several proteins to assemble at the fork, form a functional replisome, trigger origin unwinding, and stabilize the replication bubble. MCM10 overexpression is associated with increased aggressiveness in breast, cervical, and several other cancers.

Fungal coexistence in the skin mycobiome: a study involving Malassezia, Candida, and Rhodotorula.

Evidence of fungal coexistence in humans points towards fungal adaptation to the host environment, like the skin. The human commensal Malassezia has evolved, especially residing in sebum-rich areas of the mammalian body where it can get the necessary nutrition for its survival. This fungus is primarily responsible for skin diseases like Pityriasis versicolor (PV), characterized by hypo or hyperpigmented skin discoloration and erythematous macules.

BRCA1 interactors, RAD50 and BRIP1, as prognostic markers for triple-negative breast cancer severity.

BRIP1 (BRCA1-interacting protein 1) is one of the major interacting partners of BRCA1, which plays an important role in repair by homologous recombination (HR). This gene is mutated in around 4% of cases of breast cancer; however, its mechanism of action is unclear. In this study, we presented the fundamental role of BRCA1 interactors BRIP1 and RAD50 in the development of differential severity in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) among various affected individuals.

MCM10 expression is linked to cervical cancer aggressiveness.

Cervical cancer screening is a challenge mainly in developing countries. In developed countries, both incidence and mortality rates have been decreasing due to well organized screening programs. One of the potential biomarkers being exploited are the minichromosome maintenance proteins (MCMs), which show both specificity and sensitivity.

Configurational entropy from a replica approach: A density-functional model.

We study a field-theoretic model for the metastable liquid using a nonlocal free-energy functional with density ρ(x) is the order parameter and three-point correlation effects included in the formulation. We assume fragmentation of the free-energy landscape into distinct basins of local minima and evaluate the partition function for the many-particle system through mapping into a composite system of m identical replicas. Static correlations and configurational entropy S_{c} are calculated in the m=1 limit.

Localization, Disorder, and Entropy in a Coarse-Grained Model of the Amorphous Solid.

We study the role of disorder in producing the metastable states in which the extent of mass localization is intermediate between that of a liquid and a crystal with long-range order. We estimate the corresponding entropy with the coarse-grained description of a many-particle system used in the classical density functional model. We demonstrate that intermediate localization of the particles results in a change of the entropy from what is obtained from a microscopic approach using for sharply localized vibrational modes following a Debye distribution.

The budding yeast protein Chl1p is required for delaying progression through G1/S phase after DNA damage.

Background: The budding yeast protein Chl1p is a nuclear protein required for sister-chromatid cohesion, transcriptional silencing, rDNA recombination, ageing and plays an instrumental role in chromatin remodeling. This helicase is known to preserve genome integrity and spindle length in S-phase. Here we show additional roles of Chl1p at G1/S phase of the cell cycle following DNA damage.

Genetic Susceptibility to Fungal Infections and Links to Human Ancestry.

Over the ages, fungi have associated with different parts of the human body and established symbiotic associations with their host. They are mostly commensal unless there are certain not so well-defined factors that trigger the conversion to a pathogenic state. Some of the factors that induce such transition can be dependent on the fungal species, environment, immunological status of the individual, and most importantly host genetics.

The repair gene - a potential oncogene.

encodes for a protein that belongs to RecQ DEAH helicase family and interacts with the BRCT repeats of . The N-terminus of functions in DNA metabolism as DNA-dependent ATPase and helicase. The C-terminus consists of BRCT domain, which interacts with and this interaction is one of the major regulator of function.

Effect of calcium glucoheptonate on proliferation and osteogenesis of osteoblast-like cells in vitro.

Calcium is the key macromineral having a role in skeletal structure and function, muscle contraction, and neurotransmission. Bone remodeling is maintained through a constant balance between calcium resorption and deposition. Calcium deficiency is resolved through calcium supplementation, and among the supplements, water-soluble organic molecules attracted great pharmaceutical interest.

Fluctuating nonlinear hydrodynamics of flocking.

Starting from a microscopic model, the continuum field theoretic description of the dynamics of a system of active ingredients or "particles" is presented. The equations of motion for the respective collective densities of mass and momentum follow exactly from that of a single element in the flock. The single-particle dynamics has noise and anomalous momentum dependence in its frictional terms.

Dependence of the configurational entropy on amorphous structures of a hard-sphere fluid.

The free energy of a hard-sphere fluid for which the average energy is trivial signifies how its entropy changes with packing. The packing η_{f} at which the free energy of the crystalline state becomes lower than that of the disordered fluid state marks the freezing point. For packing fractions η>η_{f} of the hard-sphere fluid, we use the modified weighted density functional approximation to identify metastable free energy minima intermediate between uniform fluid and crystalline states.

How and why multiple MCMs are loaded at origins of DNA replication.

Recent work suggests that DNA replication origins are regulated by the number of multiple mini-chromosome maintenance (MCM) complexes loaded. Origins are defined by the loading of MCM - the replicative helicase which initiates DNA replication and replication kinetics determined by origin's location and firing times. However, activation of MCM is heterogeneous; different origins firing at different times in different cells.

Linking density functional and mode coupling models for supercooled liquids.

We compare predictions from two familiar models of the metastable supercooled liquid, respectively, constructed with thermodynamic and dynamic approaches. In the so called density functional theory the free energy F[ρ] of the liquid is a functional of the inhomogeneous density ρ(r). The metastable state is identified as a local minimum of F[ρ].

Slow dynamics of a tagged particle in a supercooled liquid.

The ergodicity-nonergodicity (ENE) transition of the self-consistent mode-coupling theory (MCT) is marked by the point at which the time correlation of collective density fluctuations is not zero in the long-time limit. The nonergodic state, reaching beyond the ENE transition of simple MCT, is characterized by a finite shear modulus. The MCT, formulated in the current set of papers, predicts that the single-particle density correlation, unlike the collective density correlation, decays to zero at long times on either side of the ENE transition.

Qualitatively different collective and single-particle dynamics in a supercooled liquid.

The equations of fluctuating nonlinear hydrodynamics for a two component mixture are obtained with a proper choice of slow variables which correspond to the conservation laws in the system. Using these nonlinear equations we construct the basic equations of the mode coupling theory (MCT) and consequent ergodic-nonergodic (ENE) transition in a binary mixture. The model is also analyzed in the one component limit of the mixture to study the dynamics of a tagged particle in the sea of identical particles.

Replication timing is regulated by the number of MCMs loaded at origins.

Replication timing is a crucial aspect of genome regulation that is strongly correlated with chromatin structure, gene expression, DNA repair, and genome evolution. Replication timing is determined by the timing of replication origin firing, which involves activation of MCM helicase complexes loaded at replication origins. Nonetheless, how the timing of such origin firing is regulated remains mysterious.

Renormalized dynamics of the Dean-Kawasaki model.

We study the model of a supercooled liquid for which the equation of motion for the coarse-grained density ρ(x,t) is the nonlinear diffusion equation originally proposed by Dean and Kawasaki, respectively, for Brownian and Newtonian dynamics of fluid particles. Using a Martin-Siggia-Rose (MSR) field theory we study the renormalization of the dynamics in a self-consistent form in terms of the so-called self-energy matrix Σ. The appropriate model for the renormalized dynamics involves an extended set of field variables {ρ,θ}, linked through a nonlinear constraint.