Inactivation of bacteriophages via photosensitization of fullerol nanoparticles.

The production of two reactive oxygen species through UV photosensitization of polyhydroxylated fullerene (fullerol) is shown to enhance viral inactivation rates. The production of both singlet oxygen and superoxide by fullerol in the presence of UV light is confirmed via two unique methods: electron paramagnetic resonance and reduction of nitro blue tetrazolium. These findings build on previous results both in the area of fullerene photosensitization and in the area of fullerene impact on microfauna.

Virus removal by iron coagulation-microfiltration.

This study was undertaken to determine virus removal efficiency by iron coagulation followed by microfiltration (MF) in water treatment using the MS2 bacteriophage (approximately 25 nm diameter) as a tracer virus. Results from these bench-scale studies were used to propose a mechanism for virus removal by iron coagulation-MF. Ferric chloride was used as coagulant, and the dosages were 0, 2, 5, and 10 mg/L as Fe(III) with pH adjusted during mixing to 6.