Stem cell transplantation extends the reproductive life span of naturally aging cynomolgus monkeys.

The ovary is crucial for female reproduction and health, as it generates oocytes and secretes sex hormones. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been shown to alleviate pathological ovarian aging. However, it is unclear whether MSCs could benefit the naturally aging ovary.

[Long-term effect observation after 10 years of tonsillotomy （Histological analysis of one case of secondary operation）].

To investigate the long-term effect of partial tonsillectomy in children with tonsil hypertrophy. A total of 146 children with obstructive sleep apnea（OSA） who received surgical treatment for tonsil hyperplasia from January 2010 to January 2013 were selected and divided into the observation group（=69） and the control group（=77）. The observation group was received tonsillotomy（TT）, and the control group was received total tonsillectomy（TE）.

Fertility preservation in male adolescents with cancer (2011-2020): A retrospective study in China.

Background: According to the studies, more than 80% of pediatric patients with cancer can achieve a survival rate greater than 5 years; however, long-term chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy may seriously affect their reproductive ability. Fertility preservation in adolescents with cancer in China was initiated late, and related research is lacking. Analyze data to understand the current situation and implement measures to improve current practices.

High AMH levels are associated with gestational hypertension in patients with PCOS who underwent IVF/ICSI-ET.

Background: Patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have a higher risk of obstetric complications. The association between anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and gestational hypertension in these patients is poorly understood.

Objective: To determine the association between serum AMH levels and gestational hypertension in patients with PCOS undergoing fresh embryo transfer.

Effective protection: the embryonic development and clinical outcomes of emergency vitrification of 1246 oocytes and Day 0-Day 5 embryos in a natural disaster.

Study Question: Can emergency vitrification protect embryos and oocytes during natural disasters or other events that prevent normal practice to achieve satisfactory embryonic development and clinical outcomes at a later time?

Summary Answer: Emergency vitrification of oocytes and Day 0-Day 5 (D0-D5) embryos during disasters is a safe and effective protective measure.

What Is Known Already: When some destructive events such as floods, earthquakes, tsunamis, and other accidents occur, emergency vitrification in embryo laboratories to protect human embryos, oocytes, and sperm is one of the important measures of an IVF emergency plan. However, there are few detailed reports on emergency vitrification in a state of disaster, especially about oocytes and D0 zygotes.

The reference value of anti-Müllerian hormone to diagnose polycystic ovary syndrome is inversely associated with BMI: a retrospective study.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the cut-off value of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) combined with body mass index (BMI) in the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and polycystic ovary morphology (PCOM).

Methods: This retrospective study included 15,970 patients: 3775 women with PCOS, 2879 women with PCOM, and 9316 patients as controls. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for AMH.

Are ovarian responses and the number of transferable embryos different in females and partners of male balanced translocation carriers?

Purpose: To compare ovarian response and the number of transferable embryos between women with balanced autosomal translocations and women whose partners carry the translocation (control group). To investigate the predictive value of metaphase II (MII) oocyte number and biopsied embryo number for gaining at lowest one transferable embryo.

Design: We retrospectively analyzed 1942 preimplantation genetic testing for structural rearrangements (PGT-SR) cycles of 1505 balanced autosomal translocation couples over 8 years.

[The level of the stress biomarker salivary alpha amylase is correlated with semen quality in infertile young men].

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the level of the stress biomarker salivary alpha amylase (SAA) and semen quality in infertile young men.

Methods: Totally, 313 infertile and 96 normal healthy men, aged 20－40 years old, were enrolled in this study. The SAA levels and semen parameters of the subjects were measured and compared between the two groups.

The Combined Impact of Female and Male Body Mass Index on Cumulative Pregnancy Outcomes After the First Ovarian Stimulation.

Objectives: To evaluate the combined impact of male and female BMI on cumulative pregnancy outcomes after the first ovarian stimulation.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: University-affiliated reproductive medicine center.

Parental methylome reprogramming in human uniparental blastocysts reveals germline memory transition.

Uniparental embryos derived from only the mother (gynogenetic [GG]) or the father (androgenetic [AG]) are unique models for studying genomic imprinting and parental contributions to embryonic development. Human parthenogenetic embryos can be obtained following artificial activation of unfertilized oocytes, but the production of AG embryos by injection of two sperm into one denucleated oocyte leads to an extra centriole, resulting in multipolar spindles, abnormal cell division, and developmental defects. Here, we improved androgenote production by transferring the male pronucleus from one zygote into another haploid androgenote to prevent extra centrioles and successfully generated human diploid AG embryos capable of developing into blastocysts with an identifiable inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE).

Factors Associated with Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS) Severity in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Undergoing IVF/ICSI.

Introduction: Age, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), low body mass index (BMI), high antral follicle count (AFC), increased anti-Muller hormone (AMH) levels, and elevated serum estradiol (E2) concentrations are risk factors for ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). However, data on the relationship between risk factors and OHSS severity in patients with PCOS are rare.

Objective: This retrospective study examined the risk factors for OHSS and their effect on OHSS severity in patients with PCOS undergoing fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).

Lower chromosomal abnormality frequencies in miscarried conceptuses from frozen blastocyst transfers in ART.

Study Question: Are blastocyst culture and cryopreservation in ART associated with chromosomal abnormalities in miscarried products of conception (POC)?

Summary Answer: Frozen blastocyst transfer in women aged 35 years or older and frozen embryo transfer (ET) (including both cleavage-stage embryo and blastocyst) in women aged <35 years are associated with decreased frequencies of embryonic chromosomal abnormalities in miscarried POC.

What Is Known Already: Blastocyst culture and embryo cryopreservation have been previously associated with favorable ART treatment outcomes and widely applied in clinical practice. However, the association between these embryo manipulation procedures and embryonic chromosomal abnormalities has not been evaluated to the best of our knowledge.

Increasing ovarian NAD levels improve mitochondrial functions and reverse ovarian aging.

Loss of follicles together with decreased oocyte quality and quantity contribute to age-associated ovarian senescence and infertility. Although underlying mechanisms for ovarian senescence are still unknown, mitochondrial dysfunctions have been reported. Here, we showed age-dependent decreases in ovarian Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD) levels in mice whereas supplementing aging mice with nicotinamide riboside (NR), an NAD precursor, increased ovarian NAD content.

CdSe/ZnS quantum dots induced spermatogenesis dysfunction via autophagy activation.

Recent researches have demonstrated that many nanoparticles are harmful to spermatogenesis. However, the reported nanoparticles -elicited testicular pathologies have been mostly confined to hormone levels and sperm quality and quantity, the detail mechanism is still largely unknown and the strategies to reduce the toxicity of nanoparticles on testis are lacking. Here, we found that CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) exposure impair double-strand break (DSB) repair in spermatocyte, leading to the disruption of meiotic progression and thus cell apoptosis and decreased sperm production.

Paternal age, body mass index, and semen volume are associated with chromosomal aberrations-related miscarriages in couples that underwent treatment by assisted reproductive technology.

We investigated the effects of paternal characteristics, including age, body mass index (BMI), and semen parameters on chromosomal aberration-related miscarriages in couples that underwent treatment with assisted reproductive technology (ART). Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array analysis showed chromosomal aberrations in 60.2% (557/925) of miscarried fetuses, including trisomy in 73.

A Slower Age-Related Decline in Treatment Outcomes After the First Ovarian Stimulation for in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients have a better ovarian reserve and age-related improvement in endocrine disturbances than non-PCOS patients. The effects of age on (IVF) treatment outcomes associated with cumulative live birth rate (CLBR) remain unclear. To study the effect of age on CLBR after the first ovarian stimulation in IVF in PCOS patients.

Impact of Female Obesity on Cumulative Live Birth Rates in the First Complete Ovarian Stimulation Cycle.

Female overweight/obesity has been reported to be associated with compromised pregnancy outcomes in fresh embryo transfer cycles. It is unclear whether the cumulative live birth rate (CLBR) is adversely affected after all viable embryos are transferred from the first ovarian stimulation cycle. To investigate whether the CLBR was compromised in obese women.

Shorter leukocyte telomere length is associated with risk of nonobstructive azoospermia.

Objective: To determine the association between leukocyte telomere length and the risk of nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA).

Design: The mean leukocyte telomere length (LTL) among men with NOA, obstructive azoospermia (OA), and normospermic subjects was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We used logistic regression to investigate the association between LTL and the risk of NOA after adjustment for age and body mass index (BMI).

Publisher Correction: Chromatin analysis in human early development reveals epigenetic transition during ZGA.

In this Letter, the 'Open chromatin' label in Fig. 4a should have been centred above the first three columns, and the black horizontal line underneath the label should have been removed. In addition, there should have been a vertical black line between the last two sets of panels for consistency.

Melatonin attenuates postovulatory oocyte dysfunction by regulating SIRT1 expression.

The quality of postovulatory metaphase II oocytes undergoes a time-dependent deterioration as a result of the aging process. Melatonin is considered to be an anti-aging agent. However, the underlying mechanisms of how melatonin improves the quality of postovulatory aged oocytes remain largely unclear.

Chromatin analysis in human early development reveals epigenetic transition during ZGA.

Upon fertilization, drastic chromatin reorganization occurs during preimplantation development . However, the global chromatin landscape and its molecular dynamics in this period remain largely unexplored in humans. Here we investigate chromatin states in human preimplantation development using an improved assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq) .

In Vitro Activation of Follicles and Fresh Tissue Auto-transplantation in Primary Ovarian Insufficiency Patients.

Context: Recently, two patients with primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) delivered healthy babies after in vitro activation (IVA) treatment followed by auto-transplantation of frozen-thawed ovarian tissues.

Objective: This study sought to report the first case of live birth after IVA treatment following fresh ovarian tissue grafting in patients with POI, together with monitoring of follicle development and serum hormonal changes.

Design: This was a prospective observational cohort study.

Comparison of differences in development potentials between frozen-thawed D5 and D6 blastocysts and their relationship with pregnancy outcomes.

Purpose: Whether there are differences in the pregnancy outcomes of blastocysts cryopreserved during different developmental stages remains under debate because the results among studies are inconsistent. We analyzed blastocyst quality and pregnancy outcomes by considering blastocyst euploidy and investigated the differences in the development potential between blastocysts of different developmental stages (frozen-thawed day 5 [D5] and day 6 [D6] cycles) and their relationship with clinical pregnancy outcomes.

Methods: In total, 1374 D5 and 255 D6 frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer cycles were retrospectively analyzed.