Cortical structural and functional coupling during development and implications for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Functional connectivity is scaffolded by the structural connections of the brain. Disruptions of either structural or functional connectivity can lead to deficits in cognitive functions and increase the risk for neurodevelopmental disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). To date, very little research has examined the association between structural and functional connectivity in typical development, while no studies have attempted to understand the development of structure-function coupling in children with ADHD.

Functional and structural brain network development in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent childhood neurodevelopmental disorder. Given the profound brain changes that occur during childhood and adolescence, it is important to examine longitudinal changes of both functional and structural brain connectivity across development in ADHD. This study aimed to examine the development of functional and structural connectivity in children with ADHD compared to controls using graph metrics.

Longitudinal Changes of Resting-State Networks in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Typically Developing Children.

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent childhood neurodevelopmental disorder. Given the profound brain changes that occur across childhood and adolescence, it is important to identify functional networks that exhibit differential developmental patterns in children with ADHD. This study sought to examine whether children with ADHD exhibit differential developmental trajectories in functional connectivity compared with typically developing children using a network-based approach.

Relationship between Cerebral Perfusion on Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) MRI with Brain Volumetry and Cognitive Performance in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia due to Alzheimer's Disease.

Context: Cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurement using arterial spin labelling (ASL) MRI sequences has recently emerged as a prominent tool in dementia research.

Aims: To establish association between quantified regional cerebral perfusion and gray matter (GM) volumes with cognitive measures in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and early Alzheimer's Dementia (AD), using three dimensional fast spin echo pseudo-continuous ASL MRI sequences.

Settings And Design: Hospital-based cross-sectional study.

Does resting state functional connectivity differ between mild cognitive impairment and early Alzheimer's dementia?

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate differences in functional connectivity (FC) among different resting state networks (RSN) in clinically non-progressive mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods: Using 3T MRI acquired resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI), we attempted identification of different RSN using independent component analysis (ICA) in amnestic-MCI, convertors to early AD and age-matched cognitively normal healthy controls. Regions of interest (ROI) that showed significant differences in connectivity on group ICA were selected as seeds for seed-voxel analysis.

Semi-Supervised Nonnegative Matrix Factorization of Wide-Field Fluorescence Microscopic Images for Tissue Diagnosis.

This study tests the use of a constrained nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) algorithm to explore the comparatively new field of chemometric microscopy to support tissue diagnosis. The algorithm can extract the spectral signature and the absolute concentration map of endogenous fluorophores from wide-field microscopic images. The resultant data distinguished normal and fibrous calvarial tissues, based on the changes in their spectral signatures.