Breaking the vicious cycle: Targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome for treating sepsis-associated encephalopathy.

Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a collection of clinical syndromes resulting from sepsis and characterized by widespread brain dysfunction. The high prevalence of SAE has adverse outcomes on the clinical management and prognosis of sepsis patients. However, currently, there are no effective treatments to ameliorate SAE.

Developments and Trends of Nanotechnology Application in Sepsis: A Comprehensive Review Based on Knowledge Visualization Analysis.

Sepsis, a common life-threatening clinical condition, continues to have high morbidity and mortality rates, despite advancements in management. In response, significant research efforts have been directed toward developing effective strategies. Within this scope, nanotechnology has emerged as a particularly promising field, attracting significant interest for its potential to enhance disease diagnosis and treatment.

Resolvin D1 Induces mTOR-independent and ATG5-dependent Autophagy in BV-2 Microglial Cells.

Objective: The activation state of microglia is known to occupy a central position in the pathophysiological process of cerebral inflammation. Autophagy is a catabolic process responsible for maintaining cellular homeostasis. In recent years, autophagy has been demonstrated to play an important role in neuroinflammation.

Abnormal glucose metabolism in virus associated sepsis.

Sepsis is identified as a potentially lethal organ impairment triggered by an inadequate host reaction to infection (Sepsis-3). Viral sepsis is a potentially deadly organ impairment state caused by the host's inappropriate reaction to a viral infection. However, when a viral infection occurs, the metabolism of the infected cell undergoes a variety of changes that cause the host to respond to the infection.

Sepsis-Induced Brain Dysfunction: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment.

Dysregulated host response to infection, which cause life-threatening organ dysfunction, was defined as sepsis. Sepsis can cause acute and long-term brain dysfunction, namely, sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) and cognitive impairment. SAE refers to changes in consciousness without direct evidence of central nervous system infection.

Clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with ICU-acquired infections in sepsis: A retrospective cohort study.

Unlabelled: Intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired infection is a common cause of poor prognosis of sepsis in the ICU. However, sepsis-associated ICU-acquired infections have not been fully characterized. The study aims to assess the risk factors and develop a model that predicts the risk of ICU-acquired infections in patients with sepsis.

The Abnormal Imaging of SARS-CoV-2: A Predictive Measure of Disease Severity.

To investigate the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and evaluate whether CT scans, especially at a certain CT level, could be used to predict the severity of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. In total 118 confirmed patients had been enrolled. All data including epidemiological, clinical characteristics, laboratory results, and images were collected and analyzed when they were administrated for the first time.

Bioinformatic analysis identifies potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets of septic-shock-associated acute kidney injury.

Background: Sepsis and septic shock are life-threatening diseases with high mortality rate in intensive care unit (ICU). Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of sepsis, and its occurrence is a poor prognostic sign to septic patients. We analyzed co-differentially expressed genes (co-DEGs) to explore relationships between septic shock and AKI and reveal potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets of septic-shock-associated AKI (SSAKI).

The peak levels of highly sensitive troponin I predicts in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients with cardiac injury: a retrospective study.

Aims: To investigate the association between levels of highly sensitive troponin I (hs-troponin I) and mortality in novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with cardiac injury.

Methods And Results: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all COVID-19 patients with increased levels of hs-troponin I from two hospitals in Wuhan, China. Demographic information, laboratory test results, cardiac ultrasonographic findings, and electrocardiograms were collected, and their predictive value on in-hospital mortality was explored using multivariable logistic regression.

A Novel Risk-Stratification Models of the High-Flow Nasal Cannula Therapy in COVID-19 Patients With Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure.

High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) has been recommended as a suitable choice for the management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure before mechanical ventilation (MV); however, delaying MV with HFNC therapy is still a dilemma between the technique and clinical management during the ongoing pandemic. Retrospective analysis of COVID-19 patients treated with HFNC therapy from four hospitals of Wuhan, China. Demographic information and clinical variables before, at, and shortly after HFNC initiation were collected and analyzed.

Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper: A Promising Marker for Monitoring and Treating Sepsis.

Sepsis is a clinical syndrome that resulting from a dysregulated inflammatory response to infection that leads to organ dysfunction. The dysregulated inflammatory response transitions from a hyper-inflammatory phase to a hypo-inflammatory or immunosuppressive phase. Currently, no phase-specific molecular-based therapies are available for monitoring the complex immune response and treating sepsis due to individual variations in the timing and overlap of the dysregulated immune response in most patients.

Imaging Mass Cytometric Analysis of Postmortem Tissues Reveals Dysregulated Immune Cell and Cytokine Responses in Multiple Organs of COVID-19 Patients.

SARS-coronavirus-2-induced immune dysregulation and inflammatory responses are involved in the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). However, very little is known about immune cell and cytokine alterations in specific organs of COVID-19 patients. Here, we evaluated immune cells and cytokines in postmortem tissues, i.

Structure, kinetic properties and biological function of mechanosensitive Piezo channels.

Mechanotransduction couples mechanical stimulation with ion flux, which is critical for normal biological processes involved in neuronal cell development, pain sensation, and red blood cell volume regulation. Although they are key mechanotransducers, mechanosensitive ion channels in mammals have remained difficult to identify. In 2010, Coste and colleagues revealed a novel family of mechanically activated cation channels in eukaryotes, consisting of Piezo1 and Piezo2 channels.

Plasma Proteomics Identify Biomarkers and Pathogenesis of COVID-19.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a global public health crisis. However, little is known about the pathogenesis and biomarkers of COVID-19. Here, we profiled host responses to COVID-19 by performing plasma proteomics of a cohort of COVID-19 patients, including non-survivors and survivors recovered from mild or severe symptoms, and uncovered numerous COVID-19-associated alterations of plasma proteins.

Patients with Prolonged Positivity of SARS-CoV-2 RNA Benefit from Convalescent Plasma Therapy: A Retrospective Study.

Convalescent plasma therapy has been implemented in a few cases of severe coronavirus disease 2019. No report about convalescent plasma therapy in treating patients with prolonged positivity of SARS-CoV-2 RNA has been published. In this study, we conducted a retrospective observational study in 27 patients with prolonged positivity of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, the clinical benefit of convalescent plasma therapy were analyzed.

HMGB1 aggravates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury through suppressing the activity and function of Tregs.

Background: CD4CD25FoxP3 T helper cells (Tregs), a subgroup of CD4 T helper cells, are critical effectors that protect against acute lung injury (ALI) by contact-dependent suppression or releasing anti-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-10 (IL-10), and transforming growth factor (TGF-β). HMGB1 (High mobility group box 1 protein) was identified as a nuclear non-histone DNA-binding chromosomal protein, which participates in the regulation of lung inflammatory response and pathological processes in ALI. Previous studies have suggested that Tregs overexpresses the HMGB1-recognizing receptor.

Dynamic Changes of Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 Patients at Early Stage of Outbreak.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, has spread around the world with high mortality. To diagnose promptly and accurately is the vital step to effectively control its pandemic. Dynamic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies which are important for diagnosis of infection have not been fully demonstrated.

HMGB1/PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Participates in the Pathological Process of Acute Lung Injury by Regulating the Maturation and Function of Dendritic Cells.

High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) was identified as a highly conserved DNA binding nuclear protein, which participates in the processes of acute lung injury (ALI). HMGB1 binds to its specific receptors not only to activate the nuclear factor (NF)-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways but also to regulate the activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of the rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) pathway. Mature dendritic cells (DCs) regulate acute lung inflammation and pathological injury in ALI.

Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study.

Background: An ongoing outbreak of pneumonia associated with the severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) started in December, 2019, in Wuhan, China. Information about critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection is scarce. We aimed to describe the clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.

Trichostatin A modulates the macrophage phenotype by enhancing autophagy to reduce inflammation during polymicrobial sepsis.

Sepsis is a syndrome of life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host responses to infection. Macrophage polarization is a key process involved in the pathogenesis of sepsis. Recent evidence has demonstrated that autophagy participates in the regulation of macrophage polarization in different phases of inflammation.

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Comparing Programmed Intermittent Bolus and Continuous Infusion as the Background Infusion for Parturient-Controlled Epidural Analgesia.

The programmed intermittent epidural bolus (PIEB) technique offers multiple benefits over continuous epidural infusion (CEI), but controversy still exists when it is used in conjunction with a parturient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) regimen. A systematic review and meta-analysis was thus conducted using the Medline, EMBASE, CENTRAL and Web of Science databases with the aim of identifying those randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that performed a comparison between PIEB and CEI in healthy parturients using a PCEA regimen with regard to the duration of labor, labor pain, anesthesia interventions, maternal satisfaction and main side effects. The data were analyzed using a random-effects model.