Early prediction of radiotherapy outcomes in pharyngeal cancer using deep learning on baseline [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission Tomography/Computed tomography.

Objectives: This study aimed to develop an integrated segmentation-free deep learning (DL) framework to predict multiple aspects of radiotherapy outcome in pharyngeal cancer patients by analyzing pretreatment 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT).

Methods: We utilized baseline 18F-FDG-PET/CT scans from patients newly diagnosed with oropharyngeal or hypopharyngeal cancer. The study cohort comprised 162 patients for training and 32 for validation, all of whom completed definitive chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy for organ-preservation.

Imaging prediction of mutation in patients with rectal cancer through deep metric learning using pretreatment [F]Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography.

Objectives: To predict KRAS mutation in rectal cancer (RC) through computer vision of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) by using metric learning (ML).

Methods: This study included 160 patients with RC who had undergone preoperative PET/CT. KRAS mutation was identified through polymerase chain reaction analysis.

Effectiveness of Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy for Systemic Therapy Respondents with Inoperable Pulmonary Oligometastases and Oligoprogression.

Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) may improve survival in patients with inoperable pulmonary oligometastases. However, the impact of pulmonary oligometastatic status after systemic therapy on SABR outcomes remains unclear. Hence, we investigated the outcomes of SABR in 45 patients with 77 lung tumors and the prognostic value of pulmonary oligoprogression.

Keyframe image processing of semantic 3D point clouds based on deep learning.

With the rapid development of web technologies and the popularity of smartphones, users are uploading and sharing a large number of images every day. Therefore, it is a very important issue nowadays to enable users to discover exactly the information they need in the vast amount of data and to make it possible to integrate their large amount of image material efficiently. However, traditional content-based image retrieval techniques are based on images, and there is a "semantic gap" between this and people's understanding of images.

The spectrum of intestinal mature T- and NK-cell neoplasms in a tertiary center in Taiwan with a high frequency of perforation.

Primary intestinal T-cell lymphomas (PITLs) comprise enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL), monomorphic epitheliotropic intestinal T-cell lymphoma (MEITL), extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL), anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), and intestinal T cell lymphoma, NOS (ITCL-NOS). MEITL is composed of monomorphic medium cells expressing CD8 and CD56, with a cytotoxic phenotype. We retrospectively analyzed 77 cases of intestinal T-cell lymphomas, 71 primary and six secondary, at a tertiary center in Taiwan from 2001 to 2021.

Neck Lymph Node Recurrence in HNC Patients Might Be Predicted before Radiotherapy Using Radiomics Extracted from CT Images and XGBoost Algorithm.

The five-year overall survival rate of patients without neck lymph node recurrence is over 50% higher than those with lymph node metastasis. This study aims to investigate the prognostic impact of computed tomogram (CT)-based radiomics on the outcome of metastatic neck lymph nodes in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) receiving definitive radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy for organ preservation. The pretreatment 18F-FDG PET/CT of 79 HNC patients was retrospectively analyzed with radiomics extractors.

Role of high ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 expression as a prognostic factor in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

The incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in Southeast Asia and Taiwan is high due to epidemiological factors. Cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy is an important treatment strategy with excellent outcomes for patients with NPC. However, the outcomes for patients who are refractory to cisplatin-based therapy are poor.

Distinctive patterns of marrow involvement by classic Hodgkin lymphoma are clues for diagnosis and subtyping.

Classic Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) is a lymphoid neoplasm deriving from B cells in a rich inflammatory background. There are four histological subtypes with different epidemiological features. Bone marrow involvement by CHL is infrequent, and subtyping CHL from the bone marrow is not suggested as there might be discordant histopathology between the primary tumors and bone marrow specimens.

Long noncoding RNA CRART16 confers 5-FU resistance in colorectal cancer cells by sponging miR-193b-5p.

Background: The emergence of chemoresistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy is the main cause of treatment failure in advanced and metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to be involved in 5-FU resistance. Previously, we first detected that lncRNA cetuximab resistance-associated RNA transcript 16 (CRART16) could contribute to cetuximab resistance by upregulating V-Erb-B2 erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homologue 3 (ERBB3) expression by sponging miR-371a-5p in CRC cells.

Primary cutaneous gamma/delta T-cell lymphoma in Taiwan: A series of six cases with frequent solitary presentation and relatively indolent behavior.

Background: Primary cutaneous gamma/delta T-cell lymphoma (PCDG-TCL) is aggressive, frequently presenting as multiple plaques, tumors, and/or subcutaneous nodules.

Methods: In this study, we conducted a retrospective study in a tertiary center in Taiwan to characterize this rare tumor.

Results: We identified six patients.

Age as a modifier of the effects of chemoradiotherapy with infusional 5-fluorouracil after D2 dissection in gastric cancer.

Adjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) is the standard care for patients with resected advanced gastric cancer, but its survival benefits remain undetermined in patients undergoing D2 lymph node dissection (D2 dissection). We evaluated safety and efficacy of adjuvant CCRT with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) versus chemotherapy alone in 110 gastric cancer patients with D2 dissection treated in Taiwan between January 2009 and January 2013. All the 71 patients receiving adjuvant CCRT were treated with daily infusional 5-FU and radiotherapy.

Etanercept Ameliorates Cardiac Fibrosis in Rats with Diet-Induced Obesity.

Diet-induced obesity (DIO) is considered the main risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Increases in the plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is associated with DIO. Etanercept, a TNF-α inhibitor, has been shown to alleviate cardiac hypertrophy.

Pretreatment Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Predicts Survival and Liver Toxicity in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated With Stereotactic Ablative Radiation Therapy.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to determine whether pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) could predict survival outcomes and liver toxicity in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients treated with stereotactic ablative radiation therapy (SABR).

Methods And Materials: In this retrospective study we collected pretreatment NLR of HCC patients treated with SABR between December 2007 and August 2018 and determined its association with overall survival (OS), progression-free survival, and radiation-related liver toxicity defined as an increase in the Child-Turcotte-Pugh score by ≥2 within 3 months after SABR in the absence of disease progression.

Results: A total of 153 patients with a median follow-up of 13.

Aberrant TTF-1 Expression in Peripheral T-Cell Lymphomas: A Diagnostic Pitfall.

Background: Thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) is a useful marker for identifying thyroid and lung cancers in diagnostic pathology, particularly for the investigation of unknown primary cancers. However, some other tumors such as colorectal cancer might aberrantly express TTF-1, particularly with the less specific clone SPT24. Occasional diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cases have been reported to be TTF-1-positive, yet there is no information on TTF-1 expression in peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL).

Predicting pathological complete response in rectal cancer after chemoradiotherapy with a random forest using F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and computed tomography radiomics.

Background: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) followed by surgery is the standard treatment for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. This study developed a random forest (RF) model to predict pathological complete response (pCR) based on radiomics derived from baseline F-fluorodeoxyglucose ([F]FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT).

Methods: This study included 169 patients with newly diagnosed rectal cancer.

Effectiveness of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma unsuitable for transarterial chemoembolization.

Background: Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) can deliver tumoricidal doses and achieve long-term control in early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, limited studies have investigated the safety and effectiveness of SABR in patients with advanced diseases that is unsuitable for transarterial chemoembolization (TACE).

Methods: In this observational study, we reviewed the medical records of patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage C disease treated with linear accelerator-based SABR between 2008 and 2016.