Assessment of cerebrovascular alterations induced by inflammatory response and oxidative-nitrative stress after traumatic intracranial hypertension and a potential mitigation strategy.

The rapid perfusion of cerebral arteries leads to a significant increase in intracranial blood volume, exposing patients with traumatic brain injury to the risk of diffuse brain swelling or malignant brain herniation during decompressive craniectomy. The microcirculation and venous system are also involved in this process, but the precise mechanisms remain unclear. A physiological model of extremely high intracranial pressure was created in rats.

Acute subdural haematoma exacerbates cerebral blood flow disorder and promotes the development of intraoperative brain bulge in patients with severe traumatic brain injury.

Background: Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is a routine procedure used for the treatment of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) with concomitant acute subdural haematoma (SDH). However, certain patients are prone to developing malignant brain bulge during DC, which prolongs the operative time and worsens patient outcomes. Previous studies have shown that malignant intraoperative brain bulge (IOBB) may be associated with excessive arterial hyperaemia caused by cerebrovascular system disorders.

Diabetes Is Negatively Associated With Meeting Physical Activity Time-Intensity Guidelines in Patients With Claudication.

Purposes: We determined the percentage of patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) and claudication who meet the 2018 physical activity (PA) time-intensity guidelines, and we identified the clinical characteristics associated with the status of meeting the guidelines.

Methods: Five hundred seventy-two patients were assessed on their daily ambulatory activity for 1 wk with a step activity monitor, and were evaluated on whether or not they achieved 150 min/wk of moderate-intensity PA.

Results: Thirty-one percent (n = 175) of the patients with PAD met the PA time-intensity guidelines and 69% (n = 397) did not.

Increased pulse wave velocity is related to impaired working memory and executive function in older adults with metabolic syndrome.

Age-related vascular alterations promote the pathogenesis of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). Cardiovascular risk factors that accelerate vascular aging exacerbate VCI. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) constitutes a cluster of critical cardiovascular risk factors (abdominal obesity, hypertension, elevated triglycerides, elevated fasting glucose, reduced HDL cholesterol), which affects nearly 37% of the adult US population.

Cerebral venous hemodynamic responses in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious public health problem that endangers human health and is divided into primary and secondary injuries. Previous work has confirmed that changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) are related to the progression of secondary injury, although clinical studies have shown that CBF monitoring cannot fully and accurately evaluate disease progression. These studies have almost ignored the monitoring of venous blood flow; however, as an outflow channel of the cerebral circulation, it warrants discussion.

Acute Inpatient Rehabilitation Improves Function Independent of Comorbidities in Medically Complex Patients.

Objectives: (1) To evaluate the benefits of acute inpatient rehabilitation for a medically complex patient population and (2) to assess the effect of comorbid conditions on rehabilitation outcomes.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Freestanding inpatient rehabilitation facility.

Association Between Meeting Physical Activity Time-Intensity Guidelines With Ambulation, Quality of Life, and Inflammation in Claudication.

Purpose: The aim of this investigation was to determine if meeting the 2018 physical activity (PA) time-intensity guidelines was associated with better ambulatory function, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), vascular function, and inflammation than failing to meet the guidelines in patients with peripheral artery disease and claudication. Second, we determined the optimal number of total steps/d and steps taken at moderate cadence needed to meet the PA time-intensity guidelines.

Methods: Five hundred seventy-two patients were assessed on daily ambulatory activity for 1 wk with a step activity monitor, and were grouped according to whether they achieved <150 min/wk of moderate-intensity PA (group 1 = do not meet guidelines; n = 397) or whether they were above this threshold (group 2 = meet guidelines; n = 175).

Factors Associated with the Development of Coagulopathy after Open Traumatic Brain Injury.

Background: The incidence of coagulopathy after open traumatic brain injury (TBI) is high. Coagulopathy can aggravate intracranial hemorrhage and further increase morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical characteristics of coagulopathy after open TBI and its relationship with the prognosis.

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy and rehabilitation: A review.

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common complication after chemotherapy that can damage the sensory, motor, autonomic, or cranial nerves in approximately 30%-60% of patients with cancer. CIPN can lead to detrimental dose modifications and/or premature chemotherapy discontinuation due to patient intolerance. The long-term impact of CIPN is particularly challenging and can have a profound impact on the quality of life (QoL) and survivorship.

Diaphragma sellae sinking can predict the onset of hyponatremia after transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenomas.

Purpose: Sinking of the diaphragma sellae (DS) may stretch the pituitary stalk, which in turn impairs neurohypophyseal function; thus, it may play a role in the development of postoperative hyponatremia. We aimed to assess the factors influencing the development of hyponatremia after transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) for pituitary adenomas and analyze the effect of DS sinking on hyponatremia.

Methods: After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of patients with pituitary adenoma who underwent TSS.

Cervical Dystonia Caused by Chronic Nonunion C2 Fracture: A Case Report.

Chronic nonunion cervical fracture leading to cervical dystonia (CD) is very rare. This study reports a 72-year-old man who presented with 9-month history of progressively worsening neck tilting, neck tightness, neck pain, headache, and difficulty with swallowing. The patient was referred to speech therapy and confirmed to have dysphagia on modified barium swallow study.

Investigating inpatient rehabilitation outcomes of patients with intensive care unit-acquired weakness, and identifying comorbidities associated with unfavorable outcomes.

Introduction: Data are consistent on the benefits of inpatient rehabilitation for intensive care unit-acquired weaknesses (ICUAW), including critical illness myopathy, critical illness polyneuropathy, critical illness polyneuromyopathy, and disuse atrophy. This study focuses on the effects of inpatient rehabilitation on patients with ICUAW, specifically those with a clinical pattern of proximal muscle weakness and sensory sparing.

Objectives: To evaluate the impact of inpatient rehabilitation on patients with ICUAW versus other medically complex patients, and to identify comorbidities associated with poor rehabilitation outcomes.

Daily Step Counts in Participants With and Without Peripheral Artery Disease.

Purpose: We compared the prevalence of participants with and without symptomatic peripheral artery disease (PAD) who met the goals of attaining >7000 and 10 000 steps/d, and we determined whether PAD status was significantly associated with meeting the daily step count goals before and after adjusting for demographic variables, comorbid conditions, and cardiovascular risk factors.

Methods: Participants with PAD (n = 396) and without PAD (n = 396) were assessed on their walking for 7 consecutive days with a step activity monitor.

Results: The PAD group took significantly fewer steps/d than the non-PAD control group (6722 ± 3393 vs.

The Correlative Factors and Probable Mechanism of Epidural Fluid Collection After Cranioplasty.

Objective: Epidural fluid collection (EFC) is one of the postoperative complications of cranioplasty and is easily ignored. Not only the predictive factors of EFC formation are unknown, the pathologic mechanisms are also unknown. We determined to analyze the predictive factors and the mechanism of EFC formation.

Influence of Self-Relevance and Reputational Concerns on Altruistic Moral Decision Making.

Complex moral decision making may share certain cognitive mechanisms with economic decision making under risk situations. However, it is little known how people weigh gains and losses between self and others during moral decision making under risk situations. The current study adopted the dilemma scenario-priming paradigm to examine how self-relevance and reputational concerns influenced moral decision making.

Challenging Diagnosis and Inpatient Rehabilitation of Acute Bilateral Neuralgic Amyotrophy Possibly Attributed to Lyme Disease: A Case Report.

Unlabelled: Neuralgic amyotrophy (NA) is a neurologic syndrome of unknown etiology primarily affecting the brachial plexus. We are reporting an unusual case of acute bilateral NA that was possibly secondary to Lyme disease. The patient demonstrated significant functional gains and was discharged home after 2 weeks of inpatient rehabilitation, supporting the role of inpatient rehabilitation in acute NA.

Management of Blood Blister-Like Aneurysms of the Internal Carotid Artery: Lessons Learned from Direct Clipping in 22 Cases.

Objective: To present a case series of blood blister-like aneurysms (BBAs) of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and an assessment of diagnosis and treatment options, attempting to identify surgical or endovascular management of BBAs with a low complication rate and a functional outcome.

Methods: A retrospective analysis including diagnosis and treatment options of BBAs of the ICA was performed of patients treated for BBAs at Fuzhou General Hospital from January 2008 to September 2016.

Results: The case series includes 22 patients (14 women and 8 men) treated by direct clipping.

Three-dimensional reconstruction and morphological characterization of pituitary macroadenomas.

Introduction: The aim was to investigate the relationship between the tumor (clinicopathologic and radiological) characteristics and the morphological parameters of pituitary macroadenoma or giant adenoma patients using a three-dimensional (3D) reconstructed model.

Material And Methods: Magnetic resoanance imaging (MRI) was performed preoperatively; tumor grade was determined by the Knosp-Steiner classification and tumor morphology by the SIPAP classification. Pituitary adenomas and adjacent structures were reconstructed three-dimensionally by volume rendering.

A virtual reality model of the clivus and surgical simulation via transoral or transnasal route.

Background: Neurosurgery in areas with restricted space and complicated anatomy can be greatly aided by the virtual reality (VR) technique. The clivus represents one of such challenging surgical areas, but its VR has not been established. The present study aimed to document a VR model of clival anatomy that may be useful in clival surgery.

Stereoscopic virtual reality models for planning tumor resection in the sellar region.

Background: It is difficult for neurosurgeons to perceive the complex three-dimensional anatomical relationships in the sellar region.

Methods: To investigate the value of using a virtual reality system for planning resection of sellar region tumors. The study included 60 patients with sellar tumors.

Risk factors for intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a case-control study in China.

Background/aims: The risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma are incompletely defined in China, especially for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). We evaluated the risk factors for both ICC and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC).

Methods: A case-control study in which cases were cholangiocarcinoma patients referred to Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) between 1998 and 2008 and controls were healthy individuals.

[Effect of silicosis alveolar macrophages on expression of c-myc in human embryo lung fibroblast in vitro].

Objective: To study the effect of silicosis alveolar macrophages (AM) restimulated by SiO(2) on expression of c-myc oncogene in human embryo lung fibroblasts.

Methods: The bronchoalveolar lavage of silicosis patients was collected. AMs were divided into 2 groups: (1) SiO(2): AMs were stimulated with SiO(2) (30 microg/ml) for 1, 2, 6, 12, 24 and 36 h; (2) control: treated for the same time without SiO(2).

G2 cell cycle arrest and cyclophilin A in lentiviral gene transfer.

Lentiviral vectors derived from the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) have a higher propensity to transduce nondividing cells compared to vectors based on oncoretroviruses. We report here that genistein, a previously known protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitor and G2 cell cycle arrest inducer, significantly enhanced lentiviral transduction in a dose-dependent manner. Increased transduction, as measured by vector expression, was seen in a variety of human cell lines, murine primary lymphocytes, and primary human CD34(+) peripheral blood progenitor cells as well.

PU.1 expression delineates heterogeneity in primary Th2 cells.

Primary T helper 2 cells are heterogeneous, expressing subsets of cytokines at varying levels. Mechanisms controlling this spectrum of phenotypes are still unclear. The ETS family transcription factor PU.

Distinct requirements for the naturally occurring splice forms Stat4alpha and Stat4beta in IL-12 responses.

Signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat)4 is a signaling molecule required for normal responses to interleukin-12 (IL-12) and is critically involved in inflammatory responses. We have isolated an alternatively spliced isoform of Stat4, termed Stat4beta, which lacks 44 amino acids at the C-terminus, encompassing the putative transcriptional activation domain. To assess the in vivo roles of these Stat4 isoforms, we generated transgenic Stat4-deficient mice expressing Stat4alpha or Stat4beta.