Choroidal thickening and retinal dopamine increase in mice at high altitude.

The mechanisms underlying the low incidence of myopia at high altitudes remain unclear. Choroidal thickness and the dopaminergic system have been shown to be closely associated with myopia development. This study aimed to investigate the effects of high altitude exposure on choroidal thickness and the dopaminergic system.

Biallelic variants in SREBF2 cause autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia.

Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) refer to a genetically and clinically heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the degeneration of motor neurons. To date, a significant number of patients still have not received a definite genetic diagnosis. Therefore, identifying unreported causative genes continues to be of great importance.

Synthesis of harmaline N-9 derivatives and investigation of in vitro anticancer activity.

Harmaline as a natural compound possessed a wide range of pharmacological activities. In this study, 22 novel harmaline-based derivatives were synthesized and screened for in vitro anti-proliferation activity against three cancer cell lines, HCT116, MCF7, and MGC803. The modification site was at the position N-9 of harmaline.

The 10-Year Outcomes of Single- versus Double-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review.

Single-bundle (SB) and double-bundle (DB) anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) have been compared for years, and long-term outcomes of the two techniques remain inconclusive. We compared the 10-year outcomes of SB and DB reconstruction, in terms of subjective scores, knee stability, graft failure, and osteoarthritis (OA). We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for relevant studies, without restrictions on study design, language, or publication date.

A Supervised Explainable Machine Learning Model for Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorder in Liver-Transplantation Patients and External Validation on the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV Database: Retrospective Study.

Background: Patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT) are at risk of perioperative neurocognitive dysfunction (PND), which significantly affects the patients' prognosis.

Objective: This study used machine learning (ML) algorithms with an aim to extract critical predictors and develop an ML model to predict PND among LT recipients.

Methods: In this retrospective study, data from 958 patients who underwent LT between January 2015 and January 2020 were extracted from the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University.

Classical cell cycle kinase limits tubulin polyglutamylation and cilium stability.

Tubulin polyglutamylation is essential for maintaining cilium stability and function, and defective tubulin polyglutamylation is associated with ciliopathies. However, the regulatory mechanism underlying proper axonemal polyglutamylation remains unclear. He et al.

Building a near-infrared (NIR) soil spectral dataset and predictive machine learning models using a handheld NIR spectrophotometer.

This near-infrared spectral dataset consists of 2,106 diverse mineral soil samples scanned, on average, on six different units of the same low-cost commercially available handheld spectrophotometer. Most soil samples were selected from the USDA NRCS National Soil Survey Center-Kellogg Soil Survey Laboratory (NSSC-KSSL) soil archives to represent the diversity of mineral soils (0-30 cm) found in the United States, while 90 samples were selected from Ghana, Kenya, and Nigeria to represent available African soils in the same archive. All scanning was performed on dried and sieved (<2 mm) soil samples.

Predicting colorectal adenomatous polyps in patients with chronic liver disease: A novel nomogram.

Background: Colorectal polyps are commonly observed in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) and pose a significant clinical concern because of their potential for malignancy.

Aim: To explore the clinical characteristics of colorectal polyps in patients with CLD, a nomogram was established to predict the presence of adenomatous polyps (AP).

Methods: Patients with CLD who underwent colonoscopy at Tianjin Second People's Hospital from January 2020 to May 2023 were evaluated.

Exploring integrated tertiary care for children from Nunavut: experiences of families and healthcare providers at the Aakuluk clinic in Ottawa, Canada.

Children from circumpolar regions must travel long distances to southern tertiary care centres for specialised care. While there are initiatives underway to support care closer to home, medical travel remains a necessity for many families. The Aakuluk clinic has been operating since 2019 at a tertiary hospital in Ottawa, Canada, to provide care to children from Nunavut.

Efficient Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution/Reduction Reactions in Two-Dimensional Metal-Organic Frameworks by a Constant Potential Method.

The evolution of bifunctional catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts that are highly active, stable, and conductive is crucial for advancing metal-air batteries and fuel cells. We have here thoroughly explored the OER and ORR performance for a category of two-dimensional (2D) metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) called TM(HADQ), and Rh(HADQ) exhibits a promising bifunctional OER/ORR activity, with an overpotential of 0.31 V for both OER and ORR.

Nonlocalized Conductive Paths Construction and In-depth Mechanism Analysis for the Robust Resistive Switching in Halide Perovskites.

The conductive paths (CPs) established by defects in halide perovskites (HPs) tend to be disrupted under external influences, leading to deterioration of their RRAM performances. Here we propose an effective strategy to enhance the CPs in HP RRAMs by doping Ag to partially substitute Pb in MAPbI, which facilitates the nonlocalized growth of Ag CPs and thereby improves the stability of CPs. The optimal doped device demonstrates excellent RRAM performances including high ON/OFF ratios (>10), long retention (>10 s), large endurance (>10 cycles), uniform parameters, and excellent yield.

IL-17 triggers PD-L1 gene transcription in NSCLC cells via TRIM31-dependent MEF2C K63-linked polyubiquitination.

Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a disease related to inflammation. Proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 17 (IL-17) can induce cancer cell proliferation, metastasis and immune escape. Although NSCLC immune escape is partly due to the interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1 and PD-L1 expression can be upregulated in cancer cells upon stimulation with IL-17, the underlying mechanism of IL-17-triggered PD-L1 gene transcription in NSCLC cells remains elusive.

The dynamic effects of nutritional status on chemotherapy-related toxicity in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Background/objectives: Understanding the dynamic changes in nutritional status of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) during chemotherapy is crucial, as it significantly impacts chemotherapy-related toxicity and survival outcomes.

Subjects/methods: This multi-center study included newly diagnosed NHL patients. Nutritional status and chemotherapy-related toxic effects were assessed over the first five chemotherapy sessions, with follow-ups conducted every 3 months.

Outcomes of peripherally inserted central catheter vs conventional central venous catheters in hematological cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: This review aimed to examine if there is any difference in the risk of thrombosis and central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) with the use of peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) and conventional central venous catheters (CVC) in hematological cancer patients.

Methods: We searched the online databases of PubMed, CENTRAL, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase for all types of studies comparing the risk of thrombosis and CLABSI between PICC and CVC. The search ended on 23rd September 2024.

Construction of isopentenol utilization pathway and artificial multifunctional enzyme for miltiradiene synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Miltiradiene serves as a pivotal precursor for the synthesis of numerous abietane-type diterpenes with important pharmacological activities. The endogenous mevalonate (MVA) pathway is tightly regulated in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which limits the availability of precursors for the heterologous production of miltiradiene. In this study, the orthogonal isopentenol utilization pathway (IUP) was constructed and investigated for its adaptability with mitochondria and peroxisomes in S.

Global trends and current research in post-traumatic osteoarthritis: A bibliometric and visualization analysis from 2010 to 2024.

Background: To investigate global trends and current research on post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) from 2010 to 2024 using bibliometric and visualization techniques.

Methods: A bibliometric analysis was conducted using data from the Web of Science Core Collection. The study examined publication trends, author contributions, institutional collaborations, keyword co-occurrence, and citation patterns, employing CiteSpace software to analyze key metrics such as publication frequency, centrality, and clustering.

Stigmasterol from Prunella vulgaris L. Alleviates LPS-induced mammary gland injury by inhibiting inflammation and ferroptosis.

Background: Dairy mastitis, a prevalent condition affecting dairy cattle, represents a significant challenge to both animal welfare and the quality of dairy products. However, current treatment options remain limited. Stigmasterol (ST) is a bioactive component of Prunella vulgaris L.

Comparative effectiveness of acupoint stimulation for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting after general anesthesia: A network meta-analysis of randomized trials.

Objective: To systematically evaluate the effectiveness of different acupoint stimulation techniques in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) after general anesthesia.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase for relevant papers, about the effect of acupoint stimulation for preventing PONV from their inception to July 31, 2023. Two reviewers performed study screening, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment.

Baicalein attenuates ovalbumin-induced allergic rhinitis through the activation of nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group a member 1.

Baicalein, one of the major active flavonoids found in Scutellaria baicalensis, has been revealed to exhibit potent anti-inflammatory properties in allergic airway inflammation. This study aimed to explore the role of baicalein and its relevant mechanism in the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR). The bioinformatics tools were used to predict the targets of baicalein and AR-related genes.

The multifaceted roles of aldolase A in cancer: glycolysis, cytoskeleton, translation and beyond.

Cancer, a complicated disease characterized by aberrant cellular metabolism, has emerged as a formidable global health challenge. Since the discovery of abnormal aldolase A (ALDOA) expression in liver cancer for the first time, its overexpression has been identified in numerous cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC), breast cancer (BC), cervical adenocarcinoma (CAC), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), gastric cancer (GC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), pancreatic cancer adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Moreover, ALDOA overexpression promotes cancer cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and drug resistance, and is closely related to poor prognosis of patients with cancer.

New Trauma Scoring System for Geriatric Trauma and Massive Transfusion Prediction.

Background: Early identification of massive transfusion (MT) requirement in geriatric patients with severe trauma is challenging. Existing systems for predicting MT need in trauma patients have not been systematically evaluated for their relevance to the geriatric population. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive accuracy of initial vital signs and the Glasgow coma scale (GCS) in geriatric trauma patients for predicting MT.

Comparative Proteomic Atlas of Two Soybean Varieties with Contrasting Seed Oil and Protein Content.

As complex quantitative traits, soybean seed oil and protein contents are governed by dynamic proteome networks that remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the dynamic changes of the proteome during seed maturation across two soybean varieties with contrasting seed oil and protein content. Through optimizing the detectability of low-abundance proteins and utilizing library-free data-independent acquisition (directDIA) mass spectrometry, we unprecedentedly identified 7414 proteins and 3975 protein groups (PGs), substantially expanding the soybean seed proteome.

Comprehensive analyses reveal the promising value of gasdermins as prognostic biomarkers and immunotherapeutic targets in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: In several studies of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC), the regulation of tumorigenesis and therapeutic sensitivity by pyroptosis has been observed. However, a systematic analysis of gasdermin family members (GSDMs, including GSDMA/B/C/D/E and PJVK), which are deterministic executors of pyroptosis, has not yet been reported in HNSC.

Methods: We performed comprehensive analyses of the expression profile, prognostic value, regulatory network, and immune infiltration modulation of GSDMs in HNSC on the basis of a computational approach and bioinformatic analysis of publicly available datasets.

Evaluating cardiac performance in beagle dogs: Transesophageal echocardiography and myocardial work assessment.

Objectives: This study aimed to establish standard transesophageal echocardiographic (TEE) measurements of left ventricular (LV) morphology, function, and myocardial work parameters in healthy Beagle dogs using pressure-strain loops (PSL). Additionally, it sought to standardize optimal TEE imaging techniques and explore the potiential application of myocardial work analyis in veterinary medicine.

Methods: Thirty-seven healthy male Beagle dogs were anesthetized, intubated, and mechanically ventilated for TEE examinations.