Decreasing acid value of fatty acid ethyl ester products using complex enzymes.

Recently, enzymatic method has been used to prepare biodiesel using various oils. But the high acid value of the biodiesel product using enzyme as a catalyst has been one issue. In this work, an attempt to reduce the acid value of fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) product to satisfy the specified requirement (AV ≤ 0.

Synthesis of lipophilic antioxidant tyrosol laurate using imidazolium ionic liquid [Bmim]HSO as a catalyst.

Tyrosol is a natural phenolic compound with potent antioxidant properties in the field of food manufacturing. However, the low lipophilicity of tyrosol limited its application. Therefore, the construction of tyrosol laurate (Tyr-L) could effectively overcome the limitations of tyrosol.

Tiger nut ( L.) oil: A review of bioactive compounds, extraction technologies, potential hazards and applications.

Tiger nut is a tuber of a plant native in the Mediterranean coastal countries, which is of great interest in food industry due to its richness in carbohydrates, lipids, starches, minerals, etc. Recent studies have focused on the analysis of the phytochemical composition of tiger nut, including six essential nutrients, polyphenols, and the extraction of proteins, starches, and phenolic compounds from the by-products of tiger nut milk 'horchata'. Few works were focused on the possibility of using tiger nut oil, a nutritious oil comparable to olive oil, as an edible oil.

Lipophilic alkyl caffeate synthesis using a novel green binuclear ionic liquid 1,1-bis(2-pyrrolidinone) sulfate ([C(Hnhp)][HSO]) catalyst.

Caffeic acid (CA), as a potential green antioxidant, plays an important role in food processing. However, the low liposolubility of CA limits its applications. To overcome this issue, CA is normally modified by introducing a lipophilic group, such as alkyl alcohols, resulting in the formation of alkyl caffeate, which can significantly enhance the liposolubility of CA.

Towards the development of novel bicomponent phytosterol-based oleogels with natural phenolics.

Structuring liquid oils into edible oleogels from natural and abundant plant ingredients has great significance in fields ranging from foods to pharmaceuticals but has proven challenging. Herein, novel bicomponent phytosterol-based oleogels were developed with natural phenolics. Investigating diverse natural phenolics, cinnamic acid (CA) and ethyl ferulate (EF) successfully formed oleogels in combination with phytosterols (PS), where a synergistic effect on the oleogelation and crystallization was observed compared to the corresponding single component formulations.

Color Reversion of Refined Vegetable Oils: A Review.

During the transport, storage, and consumption of edible vegetable oils, the color of some freshly refined oils is gradually darkened, which is known as the color reversion. The oil industry has been plagued by the issue for a long time because the dark color of the oil is related to its poor quality and low acceptability for consumers. Color reversion of refined vegetable oils is primarily related to the processing pigments, especially tocored, which is the oxidation product of γ-tocopherol.

Fabrication and characterization of novel thermoresponsive emulsion gels and oleogels stabilizied by assembling nanofibrous from dual natural triterpenoid saponins.

Novel thermoresponsive emulsion gels and oleogels were fabricated by assembling nanofibrous from natural triterpenoid saponin (QS) and glycyrrhizic acid (GA). The viscoelasticity of QS-coated emulsion was observed to be remarkably improved by GA and thus obtain the advantages of excellent gelatinous, thermoresponsive and reversible manner due to the viscoelastic texture from GA nanofibrous as scaffolds in continuous phase. In the gelled emulsions, the phase transition of the GA fibrosis network structure upon heating and cooling was attributed to a thermal sensitivity, whereas interface-induced fibrosis assembly of amphiphilic QS endowed the formation of stable emulsion droplets.

Preparation of a novel healthy tiger nut oil-based margarine fat with low trans and saturated fatty acids.

The present study sought to develop a novel healthy margarine fat with low levels of trans and saturated fatty acids in order to promote healthier alternatives. In this work, tiger nut oil was first used as a raw material to prepare margarine fat. The effects of mass ratio, reaction temperature, catalyst dosage, and time on the interesterification reaction were investigated and optimized.

Synthesis of hydrophilic glyceryl monocaffeate with economical catalyst cation-exchange resin Amberlyst-35.

Background: Caffeic acid (CA) has anti-oxidation and anti-inflammatory. However, the poor hydrophilicity of CA limits its biological activities. In this work, hydrophilic glyceryl monocaffeate (GMC) was synthesized by esterification using different caffeoyl donors (deep eutectic solvent and solid CA).

Edible HIPE-Gels and oleogels formed by synergistically combining natural triterpenoid saponin and citrus dietary fiber.

High-internal-phase emulsion gels (HIPE-Gels) and oleogels were successfully fabricated through synergistically combination of natural triterpenoid Quillaja saponin (QS) and citrus dietary fiber (CDF). The amphiphilic QS significantly lowered the oil-water interface tension; whereas CDF could form compact structure at the interface as well as in the bulk under a hydrogen-bonding interaction with saponin. The combination endowed the emulsion gels with enhanced performance, such as decreasing droplet size, strengthening gel network structure and better viscoelastic.

Co-occurrence of aflatoxins in plant oil products from China.

Aflatoxins have been detected as contaminants of oil crops before harvesting and drying, during storage and manufacturing and could be transferable to plant oils. There are more than 20 different types of aflatoxins, among which the most commonly occurring are the B, B, G and G. Concentrations of these four aflatoxins were determined in plant oils from retail shops in China and in crude peanut oil extracted from culled mouldy peanuts by HPLC with fluorescence detection.

Lipophilic antioxidant dodecyl caffeate preparation by the esterification of caffeic acid with dodecanol using ionic liquid [Hnmp]HSO as a catalyst.

Caffeic acid (CA) is widely found in nature, and has a broad spectrum of biological activities. However, the low hydrophilicity and lipophilicity of CA limited its application. Dodecyl caffeate (DC) is the lipophilic ester of caffeic acid (CA), and also has high antioxidant activity.

Structuring of Edible Liquid Oil into Smart Thermo-Triggered Soft Matters for Controlled Bioactive Delivery.

Growing interest is being dedicated to smart soft matters because of their potential in controlling bioactives upon exposure to an appropriate stimulus. Herein, structuring of edible liquid oil into oleogels and emulgels as smart thermo-triggered soft vehicles for controllable release of diverse nutrients was developed. Edible liquid oil was trapped inside the crystal network structure of phytosterols and monoglycerides resulting in bicomponent solidlike oleogels.

Enhancement of the hydrophilic feruloyl glycerol synthesis using A-35 as a catalyst and its functional characteristics.

Feruloyl glycerol (FG) is the hydrophilic ester of ferulic acid (FA), which has a high solubility in water and a strong ability to resist ultraviolet (UV) radiation. In this work, several solid acids were used as novel economical catalysts and FA was used as a cheap substrate for FG preparation. The effects of reaction variables on the esterification of FA with glycerol were investigated and optimized by response surface methodology (RSM).

Oil-Water Interfacial-Directed Spontaneous Self-Assembly of Natural Saponin for Controlling Interface Permeability in Colloidal Emulsions.

Assembly of amphiphiles at the interface of two immiscible fluids is of great scientific and technological interest in offering efficient routes to smart vehicles for functional deliveries. Natural saponin (QS) has gathered widespread interest within the scientific community as a result of its unique interfacial properties. Herein, spontaneously interface-driven self-assembly (SIDSA) of QS at the oil-water interface was systematically studied by morphology and spectroscopy.

Synthesis of Lipophilic Caffeoyl Alkyl Ester Using a Novel Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent.

In this work, a novel method for lipophilic caffeoyl alkyl ester production was developed using a natural deep eutectic solvent (DES) consisting of choline chloride and caffeic acid (CA) as the caffeoyl donor. Cation-exchange resins were used as the catalyst to catalyze the esterification of fatty alcohols with the DES. Effects of the caffeoyl donor and reaction variables were investigated.

Hydrophilic Glyceryl Ferulates Preparation Catalyzed by Free Lipase B from Candida antartica.

Ferulic acid (FA), 4-hydroxyl-3-methoxy-2-benzylacrylic acid, has antioxidant, anticancer and ultraviolet absorption activities. However, the low hydrophilicity of FA has limited its application. Glyceryl ferulate (FG), which is an all-natural hydrophilic derivative of FA, can be used as an antioxidant and UV filter in food and cosmetic formulations.

Engineering phytosterol-based oleogels for potential application as sustainable petrolatum replacement.

Phytosterol-based oleogels have been engineered in edible oils for potential applications as sustainable replacements for petrolatum. Oleogels have emerged with a crystal network structure with oil molecules trapped inside. In addition, the viscosity of highly thixotropic oleogels could be tuned by manipulating the concentration of phytosterols and monoglycerides, and the type of surface-active small molecules and bulk vegetable oils.

Biodiesel Production Catalyzed by a Methanol-Tolerant Lipase A from in the Presence of Excess Water.

In this article, biodiesel was prepared using a novel free liquid lipase A from (CALA) as a catalyst in the presence of excess water. The methanol tolerance of CALA was investigated. The effect of reaction conditions, including the molar ratio of soybean oil to methanol, water load, CALA load, reaction temperature, and reaction time, was evaluated.

Influence of ionic liquid on Novozym 435-catalyzed the transesterification of castor oil and ethyl caffeate.

Caffeic acid (CA), one kind of phenolic acids widely occurring in the plant kingdom, can be used as potential UV protective ingredient and antioxidant. However, the application of CA was limited because of its unsatisfactory solubility in hydrophilic and lipophilic media. In this work, BMIMPF, one kind of ionic liquids (ILs), was developed as an environmental friendly reaction media for the enzymatic preparation of CA derivatives by the transesterification of castor oil (CO) and ethyl caffeate (EC).

Novozym 40086 as a novel biocatalyst to improve benzyl cinnamate synthesis.

Benzyl cinnamate is one of the derivatives of cinnamic acid, which can be used as the main constituent in perfume, UV filters and medicines. In this work, several commercial immobilized lipases (Novozym 40086, Novozym 435 and Lipozyme TLIM) and free lipases (lipase A and B from sp., and lipozyme from ) were used as catalysts for benzyl cinnamate preparation by the esterification of benzyl alcohol with cinnamic acid.

A novel and rapid method for fatty acid preparation by the lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis of Phoenix tree seeds.

Fatty acids are the precursors for the production of fuels, oleochemicals and special health care products. In this study, a novel rapid method for fatty acid (FA) preparation by the enzymatic hydrolysis of Phoenix tree seed, an undeveloped woody oil seed, was developed. High-temperature GC with flame ionization detector (FID) and the hydrolysis ratio were used to monitor reaction progress.

Enhanced synthesis of feruloylated acylglycerols by the lipase-catalyzed transesterification of glyceryl monoferulate with different acyl donors using ionic liquids as reaction solvents.

Feruloylated acylglycerols (FAG) can be used as antioxidants and UV absorbing ingredients in food and cosmetics. In this work, FAG was prepared by the lipase-catalyzed transesterification of glyceryl monoferulate (GMF) with different acyl donors using ionic liquids (ILs) as reaction solvents. The effect of different imidazolium ILs (BF, PF and TFN) and acyl donors (monoacylglycerols and diacylglycerols) on the transesterification and lipase selectivity for FAG formation were compared.

Synthesis of Ricinoleic Acid Estolides by the Esterification of Ricinoleic Acids Using Functional Acid Ionic Liquids as Catalysts.

Estolides of ricinoleic acid (RA) have been used as lubricants and pigment dispersant in many industries. In this paper, functional acid ionic liquids (ILs) were firstly used as catalysts to prepare RA estolides by the esterification of RAs in solvent-free system. Different ILs were used as catalysts for the esterification.