Challenges in magnetic resonance imaging-based detection of clinically significant prostate cancer in young patients: two alternative approaches.

Background: Addition of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in prostate cancer screening remains controversial issue. Despite the increased utilization of MRI, several studies have revealed its potential suboptimal diagnostic efficacy in young patients. This study aimed to further substantiate the limited diagnostic efficiency of MRI positivity [defined as Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) scores ≥3] among young individuals aged ≤55 years suspected of prostate cancer, and more significantly, to evaluate two proposed approaches.

[Updated reproductive toxicology of polybrominated diphenyl ether].

Since 1970, polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) has been widely used as additive flame retardants in everyday consumer products, including polyurethane foam and electronic products like mattresses and upholstered furniture. Thermoplastics, mixed in polymers, do not chemically bond with plastics, textiles, etc., and therefore can be separated from the product into the environment.

[Clinical characteristics and treatment strategies of prostatic mucinous adenocarcinoma: A report of 10 cases and literature review].

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics and treatment strategies of prostatic mucinous adenocarcinoma (PMAC).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data on 10 cases of PMAC treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2014 to June 2018. The patients were aged 51－79 (65 ± 14) years, with a medium PSA level of 89 (14.

Pyrethroids Toxicity to Male Reproductive System and Offspring as a Function of Oxidative Stress Induction: Rodent Studies.

Pyrethroids may be related to male reproductive system damage. However, the results of many previous studies are contradictory and uncertain. Therefore, a systematic review and a meta-analysis were performed to assess the relationship between pyrethroid exposure and male reproductive system damage.

Toxicity of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) on rodent male reproductive system: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control studies.

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a group of environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). According to recent studies, the associations between PBDEs and rodent male reproductive system are controversial. Therefore, we performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify the effects of PBDEs on rodent male reproductive system.

[Glans-preserving surgery for superficial penile squamous cell carcinoma ≥2 cm in diameter].

Objective: To explore the feasibility of glans-preserving surgery (GPS) in the treatment of superficial penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) with the lesion diameter of ≥2 cm.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data on 69 cases of superficial PSCC (≤T1aN0) treated by GPS (n = 36) or radical surgery (total or partial penectomy, n = 33) from July 2007 to July 2017.

Results: The mean tumor diameter and depth of invasion were 3.

Di-n-butyl phthalate epigenetically induces reproductive toxicity via the PTEN/AKT pathway.

Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) is a kind of ubiquitous chemical linked to hormonal disruptions that affects male reproductive system. However, the mechanism of DBP-induced germ cells toxicity remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that DBP induces reduction of proliferation, increase of apoptosis and DNA damage dependent on the PTEN/AKT pathway.

Sulforaphane attenuates di-N-butylphthalate-induced reproductive damage in pubertal mice: Involvement of the Nrf2-antioxidant system.

di-N-butylphthalate (DBP) is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant used for plastic coating and in the cosmetics industry. It has toxic effects on body health, especially the male reproductive system. Here, we investigated the effects of DBP on the male reproductive system of pubertal mice and explored the protective role of sulforaphane (SFN).

Multivariate model for predicting semen cryopreservation outcomes in a human sperm bank.

Semen cryopreservation is widely used in assisted reproductive technologies, but it reduces sperm quality dramatically. The aim of this study was to develop a model using basal semen quality to predict the outcome of postthaw semen parameters and improve the efficiency of cryopreservation in a human sperm bank. Basal semen parameters of 180 samples were evaluated in the first stage, and a multiple logistic regression analysis involving a backward elimination selection procedure was applied to select independent predictors.

Enolase1 (ENO1) and glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) are good markers to predict human sperm freezability.

Sperm cryopreservation is a method to preserve sperm samples for a long period. However, the fertility of sperm decreases markedly after freezing and thawing in a certain amount of samples. The aim of the present study was to find useful and reliable predictive biomarkers of the capacity to withstand the freeze-thawing process in human ejaculates.

The role of mitochondrial aconitate (ACO2) in human sperm motility.

Deficiencies in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes have been shown to cause a wide spectrum of human diseases, including malignancies and neurological and cardiac diseases. In mammalian spermatozoa mitochondria, the TCA cycle is known to be a crucial metabolic pathway that contributes to produce ATP. There is little known about the role and mechanism of mitochondrial aconitase (ACO2), which is an important regulatory enzyme of the TCA cycle, in asthenozoospermia.

The methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism and tumor risk: evidence from 134 case-control studies.

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is an important enzyme involved in folate metabolism, which is essential for DNA synthesis and methylation. Genetic variations in the MTHFR gene seem to contribute to a decreased activity of MTHFR, ultimately confer increased susceptibility to cancer. As the most extensively studied polymorphism, MTHFR C677T polymorphism was shown to contribute to cancer susceptibility but the results were inconsistent.

[Water-soluble vitamin E protects post-thawing sperm against oxidative stress injury].

Objective: To investigate the potential protective effect of water-soluble vitamin E (Trolox) against oxidative stress injury in post-thawing human sperm and its mechanism.

Methods: Semen samples from 16 fertile men were mixed with modified cryoprotectant and each sample was equally divided into groups 0 (G0), 1 (G1), 2 (G2) and 3 (G3) according to the concentration of Trolox measured by computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA). G0, with no Trolox in the mixed cryoprotectant, served as the control, while G1, G2 and G3 contained 50, 100 and 200 micromol/L of Trolox, respectively.

[Modified prepuce-degloving repair for urethrocutaneous fistula following hypospadias surgery].

Objective: To investigate the clinical effect and application value of the modified method of prepuce-degloving repair (PDR) in the treatment of urethrocutaneous fistula (UCF) following hypospadias surgery.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 87 cases of UCF caused by hypospadias repair from May 2001 to December 2011, of which 61 were treated by simple closure or Y-V plasty of the fistula (group A), and the other 26 by modified PDR (group B). We compared the success rate of surgery and long-term recurrence between the two groups.

[Analysis of the pregnancy outcomes of 13 723 tubes of sperm specimens from the sperm bank].

Objective: To investigate the safety of assisted reproductive technology (ART) with donated sperm from the sperm bank and the differences in the pregnancy outcomes of different means of promoting pregnancy.

Methods: We analyzed and compared the feedback data on promoting pregnancy with donated sperm from the sperm bank by artificial insemination by donor (AID), in vitro fertilization (IVF), and intracytoplasm sperm injection (ICSI).

Results: Totally, 13 723 tubes of sperm specimens were used for ART.

[Human sperm cryopreservation and protection: an update].

Human sperm cryopreservation has been widely applied in human assisted reproduction technologies, but ultra-low temperature may damage the structure and function of sperm, which in turn may affect the success rate of human reproductive technology. However, this view is not yet universally accepted. Researchers around the world are endeavoring for the mechanisms of cyrodamage and discoveries of cryo-protection.

A modified method for the treatment of urethral fistula after hypospadias repair.

Urethrocutaneous fistula (UCF) is a common complication of hypospadias surgery for severe hypospadias. We report our experience in the management of UCF following hypospadias surgery with a prepuce-degloving method (PDM). Our study included 87 patients who developed UCF after hypospadias repair from May 2001 to December 2011.