Post-annealed gallium and aluminum co-doped zinc oxide films applied in organic photovoltaic devices.

Gallium and aluminum co-doped zinc oxide (GAZO) films were produced by magnetron sputtering. The GAZO films were post-annealed in either vacuum or hydrogen microwave plasma. Vacuum- and hydrogen microwave plasma-annealed GAZO films show different surface morphologies and lattice structures.

Optical excitations in carbon nanoscrolls.

The optical properties of carbon nanoscrolls in the presence of uniform electric fields are investigated by using gradient approximation. Absorption spectra exhibit rich prominent peaks structures, which is caused by one-dimensional sub-bands. The numbers, spectral intensities, and energies of the absorption peaks are strongly dependent on the geometry and the electric field strength.