Relationship between early infant motor repertoire and neurodevelopment on the hammersmith infant neurological examination in a developmentally vulnerable First Nations cohort.

Aim: To implement a culturally-adapted screening program aimed to determine the ability of infant motor repertoire to predict early neurodevelopment on the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE) and improve Australian First Nations families' engagement with neonatal screening.

Methods: A prospective cohort of 156 infants (55 % male, mean (standard deviation [SD]) gestational age 33.8 (4.

andomised to early neuroprotection and neurorehabilitation: protocol for a follow-up study of participants from four randomised clinical trials.

Introduction: School readiness includes cognitive, socio-emotional, language and physical growth and development domains which share strong associations with life-course opportunities. Children with cerebral palsy (CP) are at increased risk of poor school readiness compared with their typically developing peers. Recently, earlier diagnosis of CP has allowed interventions to commence sooner, harnessing neuroplasticity.

Growth Inhibitory Effects of Antimicrobial Natural Products against Cariogenic and Health-Associated Oral Bacterial Species.

Purpose: This study investigated whether selected natural products could specifically target the growth of a caries-associated bacterial species (Streptococcus mutans) without affecting the viability of a health-associated oral commensal bacterial species (Streptococcus sanguinis).

Materials And Methods: Agar diffusion assays were used to screen the natural products for bacterial-growth inhibitory effects and the diameters of the inhibitory zones for the two bacterial species compared. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the natural products that showed growth inhibitory effects were determined using the broth microdilution method.

Prediction of childhood brain outcomes in infants born preterm using neonatal MRI and concurrent clinical biomarkers (PREBO-6): study protocol for a prospective cohort study.

Introduction: Infants born very preterm are at risk of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes, including cognitive deficits, motor impairments and cerebral palsy. Earlier identification enables targeted early interventions to be implemented with the aim of improving outcomes.

Methods And Analysis: Protocol for 6-year follow-up of two cohorts of infants born <31 weeks gestational age (PPREMO: Prediction of Preterm Motor Outcomes; PREBO: Prediction of Preterm Brain Outcomes) and a small term-born reference sample in Brisbane, Australia.

Potential Role for Natural Products in Dental Caries Control.

Purpose: This paper discusses the cariostatic mechanisms of some of the most promising natural products and explores the research directions that are needed to translate the potential of natural products into commercial oral care products for dental caries control.

Materials And Methods: The search strategy for this narrative review involved performing a comprehensive literature search to capture all published studies (up to December 2017) specifically related to natural products with anticaries effects. The databases searched were Medline (via PubMed), Embase and Web of Science, using a combination of controlled vocabulary and text words.

Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate Attenuates Virulence and Modulates Microbial Ecology of Saliva-Derived Polymicrobial Biofilms.

Background: Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) acts as a salivary biomimetic that provides bioavailable calcium and phosphate ions to augment fluoride-mediated remineralisation of early caries lesions. However, there are indications that it may also have beneficial ecological effects on the oral microbiome.

Objective: This in vitro study investigated whether CPP-ACP could influence microbial counts, acidogenicity, and the relative abundance of specific caries- and health-associated bacterial -species in polymicrobial biofilms.

Effect of polyphenol-rich cranberry extracts on cariogenic biofilm properties and microbial composition of polymicrobial biofilms.

Objective: To investigate the effect of cranberry extracts on saliva-derived polymicrobial biofilms with regards to biofilm biomass, acidogenicity, exopolysaccharide (EPS)/microbial biovolumes, colony forming unit (CFU) counts, and the relative abundance of specific caries- and health-associated bacteria.

Methods: Saliva-derived polymicrobial biofilms were grown for 96 h in a cariogenic environment and treated for 2 min every 12 h over the entire biofilm growth period with 500 μg/mL cranberry extract or vehicle control. The effect of the cranberry extract on biofilm behaviour was evaluated using different assays and its influence on key cariogenic and health-associated bacterial populations was assessed with a microarray real-time quantitative PCR method.

Polyphenol-Rich Cranberry Extracts Modulate Virulence of Biofilms Implicated in the Pathogenesis of Early Childhood Caries.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of polyphenol-rich cranberry extracts on dual-species biofilms implicated in contributing to the severity of early childhood caries. biofilms were grown on saliva-coated hydroxyapatite discs (s-HA) mounted on the high-throughput Amsterdam Active Attachment model. The s-HA discs were treated with the cranberry extracts/vehicle control for five minutes just before biofilm growth and subsequently, for similar exposure times, after 12 hours and 24 hours of biofilm growth.

Inhibitory effects of fruit berry extracts on Streptococcus mutans biofilms.

Dark-colored fruit berries are a rich source of polyphenols that could provide innovative bioactive molecules as natural weapons against dental caries. High-quality extracts of cranberry, blueberry, and strawberry, and a combination of the three berry extracts (Orophenol), were used to treat 24-h-old Streptococcus mutans biofilms. The grown biofilms were treated with the berry extracts at concentrations ranging from 62.

Interference of Antimicrobial Activity of Combinations of Oral Antiseptics Against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Lactobacillus acidophilus.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of combinations of sodium fluoride and antiseptic compounds on the growth of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Lactobacillus acidophilus.

Methods: The agar diffusion assay was used to determine bacterial growth inhibition.

Results: Of the combinations tested, 0.

Association of erosion with timing of detection and selected risk factors in primary dentition: a longitudinal study.

Objective: The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of erosion in a birth cohort at 24, 36, and 48 months and to investigate risk factors for erosion.

Methods: One hundred and fifty-four children from a birth cohort were followed at 24, 36, and 48 months of age.

Results: Of the 154 children examined, 0% (0/154), 7% (11/154), and 28% (40/154) had erosion detected for the first time at 24, 36, and 48 months, respectively (P < 0.

Local and systemic inflammatory responses to experimentally induced gingivitis.

This study profiled the local and systemic inflammatory responses to experimentally induced gingivitis. Eight females participated in a 21-day experimental gingivitis model followed by a 14-day resolution phase. Bleeding on probing and plaque index scores were assessed before, during, and after resolution of gingival inflammation, and samples of saliva, GCF, and plasma were collected.

Periodontal pathogen load and increased antibody response to heat shock protein 60 in patients with cardiovascular disease.

Aim: To determine the relationship between periodontal pathogen load and anti-human heat shock protein 60 (hHSP60) antibodies in patients with established cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Materials And Methods: Participants were cardiovascular patients (n = 74) with a previous hospital admission for myocardial infarction. Concurrent periodontal pathogen load of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Tannerella forsythia and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was determined using quantitative real-time PCR.

Cardiovascular disease and the role of oral bacteria.

In terms of the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) the focus has traditionally been on dyslipidemia. Over the decades our understanding of the pathogenesis of CVD has increased, and infections, including those caused by oral bacteria, are more likely involved in CVD progression than previously thought. While many studies have now shown an association between periodontal disease and CVD, the mechanisms underpinning this relationship remain unclear.