An Alternative to Cytology in Triaging Cisgender Men and Transgender Women With HIV for High-Resolution Anoscopy.

Objectives: To evaluate high-risk human papillomavirus testing (hrHPV) as an alternative for anal cytology in screening for high-grade anal neoplasia (AIN2-3) among males with HIV. To identify predictive risk factors for AIN2-3 and develop a clinical tool to triage males with HIV for high-resolution anoscopy (HRA) without cytology.

Design: Retrospective cohort study of 199 adult cisgender men and transgender women with HIV referred to an anal neoplasia clinic in the Southeastern United States between January 2018 and March 2021.