Current treatment options for craniofacial volumetric muscle loss (VML) have disadvantages and cannot fully restore normal function. Bio-inspired semisynthetic acrylated hyaluronic acid (AcHyA) hydrogel, which fills irregularly shaped defects, resembles an extracellular matrix, and induces a minimal inflammatory response, has shown promise in experimental studies of extremity VML. We therefore sought to study AcHyA hydrogel in the treatment of craniofacial VML.
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