Altered Cerebral Blood Flow in the Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease.

Background: In chronic kidney disease (CKD), cognitive impairment is a definite complication. However, the mechanisms of how CKD leads to cognitive impairment are not clearly known. Methods: Cerebral blood flow (CBF) information was collected from 37 patients with CKD (18 in stage 3; 19 in stage 4) and 31 healthy controls (HCs).

Altered Spontaneous Brain Activity and Functional Integration in Hemodialysis Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease.

Purpose: Using the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and functional connectivity (FC) algorithm to study the alteration of brain function in hemodialysis patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD).

Patients And Methods: We recruited 20 patients with ESRD on regular hemodialysis and 17 healthy controls (HCs). All of the participants underwent resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI), neuropsychological tests, and blood biochemical examination.

Acute warming increases pesticide toxicity more than transgenerational warming by reducing the energy budget.

There is increasing awareness that the toxicity of pesticides can to a large extent be modulated by warming, and that temporal exposure scenarios may strongly affect the impact of two stressors. Nevertheless, we lack information on how the exposure duration to warming may shape pesticide toxicity under warming. Furthermore, despite that bioenergetic responses have the potential to generate mechanistic insights in how toxicants interact with warming, this has been understudied in ecotoxicology.

Multigenerational effects modify the tolerance of mosquito larvae to chlorpyrifos but not to a heat spike and do not change their synergism.

While interactions with global warming and multigenerational effects are considered crucial to improve risk assessment of pesticides, these have rarely been studied in an integrated way. While heat extremes can magnify pesticide toxicity, no studies tested how their combined effects may transmit to the next generation. We exposed mosquito larvae in a full factorial, two-generation experiment to a heat spike followed by chlorpyrifos exposure.

Transgenerational exposure to warming reduces the sensitivity to a pesticide under warming.

Despite the increased attention for temporal aspects of stressor interactions and for effects of warming in ecotoxicological studies, we lack knowledge on how different exposure durations to warming may affect pesticide sensitivity. We tested how three types of exposure duration to 4 °C warming (acute, developmental and transgenerational exposure to 24 °C vs 20 °C) shape the effect of the pesticide chlorpyrifos on two ecologically relevant fitness-related traits of mosquito larvae: heat tolerance and antipredator behaviour. Transgenerational (from the parental generation) and developmental (from the egg stage) warming appeared energetically more stressful than acute warming (from the final instar), because (i) only the latter resulted in an adaptive increase of heat tolerance, and (ii) especially developmental and transgenerational warming reduced the diving responsiveness and diving time.

The Exposure Order Strongly Modifies How a Heat Spike Increases Pesticide Toxicity.

The exposure order may strongly affect the impact of stressors, yet is largely ignored for the frequently occurring combinations of toxicants with natural stressors. We tested how exposure order shaped the interactive effects of serial exposure to the pesticide chlorpyrifos and to a heat spike in the larvae of the mosquito . Notably, the chlorpyrifos-induced mortality was much more magnified by the heat spike and a synergism was already detected at the low concentration when exposure to chlorpyrifos followed the heat spike.

Mosquito larvae that survive a heat spike are less sensitive to subsequent exposure to the pesticide chlorpyrifos.

While extreme high temperatures are an important aspect of global warming, their effects on organisms are relatively understudied, especially in ecotoxicology. Sequential exposure to heat spikes and pesticides is a realistic scenario as both are typically transient stressors and are expected to further increase in frequency under global warming. We tested the effects of exposure to a lethal heat spike and subsequently to an ecologically relevant lethal pulse exposure of the pesticide chlorpyrifos in the larvae of mosquito Culex pipiens.

The Value of Older Donors' Klotho Level in Predicting Recipients' Short-Term Renal Function.

BACKGROUND The present organ shortage has led to increased use of kidneys from expanded-criteria donors, but the prognosis is disappointing due to poor graft quality. As a promising kidney protector, the Klotho gene's role in predicting short-term prognosis has not been assessed. MATERIAL AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed data from 41 recipients and 25 donors.

The protective effects of ischemic preconditioning on rats with renal ischemia-reperfusion injury and the effects on the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of ischemic preconditioning on rats with renal ischemia-reperfusion injury and the effects on the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax. Thirty-six SD rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=12) including sham operation (S) group, ischemia-reperfusion group (I/R) group and ischemic preconditioning (IP) group. After anesthesia with intraperitoneal injection of chloral hydrate, bilateral renal pedicles were clipped for 45 min, followed by perfusion for 6 h to establish the I/R model.

[CD4(+) T lymphocyte detection in renal transplant recipients and its clinical value for cytomegalovirus pneumonia treatment].

Objective: To explore the clinical value of CD4(+)T lymphocyte detection in the treatment of cytomegalovirus(CMV) pneumonia following kidney transplantation.

Methods: From January 2005 to May 2008, 133 recipients of kidney transplantation were enrolled in this study. The number of CD4(+)T cells in peripheral blood was examined.

[Cytomegalovirus infection accompanied with acute pancreatitis after kidney transplantation].

Objective: To explore the prevention and management of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection accompanied with acute pancreatitis after kidney transplantation.

Methods And Results: A retrospective analysis of 5 patients with acute pancreatitis after kidney transplantation was conducted. The incidence of acute pancreatitis after kidney transplantation was 2.