Tenofovir and Hepatitis B Virus Transmission During Pregnancy: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Standard care for preventing mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in highly viremic mothers consists of maternal antiviral prophylaxis beginning at gestational week 28 combined with an HBV vaccine series and HBV immune globulin (HBIG) at birth. However, HBIG is unavailable in some resource-limited areas.

Objective: To determine whether initiating tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) at gestational week 16 combined with HBV vaccinations for infants is noninferior to the standard care of TDF at gestational week 28 combined with HBV vaccinations and HBIG for infants in preventing MTCT in mothers with HBV and high levels of viremia.

The effect and mechanism of freeze-dried powder of on improving inflammatory injury of rat glomerular mesangial cells through TXNIP / NLRP3 pathway.

Objective: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a common complication of . The pathophysiological changes in platelet function and the hypercoagulable state associated with DKD are closely linked to inflammatory processes. (PM), a type of leech known for its anticoagulant and antithrombotic properties, has the potential to modulate the inflammatory response in DKD.

Alzheimer's Disease Related Biomarkers Were Associated with Amnestic Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson's Disease: A Cross-Sectional Cohort Study.

Background: Cognitive impairment is common in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and occurs through multiple mechanisms, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology and the involvement of α-synucleinopathies. We aimed to investigate the pathological biomarkers of both PD and AD in plasma and neuronal extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their association with different types of cognitive impairment in PD patients.

Methods: A total of 122 patients with PD and 30 healthy controls were included in this cross-sectional cohort study between March 2021 and July 2023.

Vibrotactile Foot Device for Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease: A Pilot Study.

Background: Vibrotactile stimulation has been studied in its efficacy of reducing freezing of gait (FOG) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the results are still controversial. We evaluated the efficacy of a newly developed vibrotactile foot device on freezing severity and gait measures in PD patients with FOG.

Hysteroscopic cervical biopsy for women with persistent human papillomavirus infection after loop electrosurgical excision procedure: A case report.

Background: Almost all cases of cervical cancer can be attributed to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) is widely used to treat HPV-mediated disease; thus, cervical cancer is highly preventable. However, LEEP does not necessarily clear HPV rapidly and may affect the accuracy of the results of ThinPrep cytology test (TCT) and cervical biopsy due to the formation of cervical scars.

Impaired vestibular function associated with orthostatic hypotension in patients with multiple system atrophy.

Background: Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is one of the most common symptoms in patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA). Vestibular system plays an important role in blood pressure regulation during orthostatic challenges through vestibular-sympathetic reflex. The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between vestibular function and OH in patients with MSA.

Risk Factors for Hypoglycemia Among Neonates: A Prospective Cohort Study Among Pregnant People With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

Objective: Neonatal hypoglycemia (NH) is the most frequent complication in neonates born to pregnant people with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and an important cause of brain damage and death of neonates. We explored the risk factors for NH in neonates of pregnant people with GDM.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted involving 322 pregnant people with GDM at the Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre.

Effect of acute levodopa challenge test on cerebral blood flow in Parkinson's disease with the supine-to-standing transcranial Doppler test.

Background: Levodopa, a common drug that improves symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD), can induce a reduction in blood pressure (BP); however, the effect of levodopa on cerebral blood flow (CBF) remains unclear.

Objectives: To observe the changes in BP and CBF during active standing before and after the acute levodopa challenge test (ALCT) and analyse the influencing factors of CBF in patients with PD.

Methods: BP and CBF velocity were simultaneously recorded by continuous beat-to-beat non-invasive BP monitoring and transcranial Doppler at supine and orthostatic positions twice, before and after ALCT.

New horizons in Parkinson's disease in older populations.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease. Ageing is considered to be the greatest risk factor for PD, with a complex interplay between genetics and the environment. With population ageing, the prevalence of PD is expected to escalate worldwide; thus, it is of utmost importance to reduce the burden of PD.

Association between gene expression and functional-metabolic architecture in Parkinson's disease.

Gene expression plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). How gene expression profiles are correlated with functional-metabolic architecture remains obscure. We enrolled 34 PD patients and 25 age-and-sex-matched healthy controls for simultaneous F-FDG-PET/functional MRI scanning during resting state.

Disassociation between fluctuation shift over frequency and glucose metabolism in motor cortex of Parkinson's disease: a hybrid PET/fMRI study.

Increased glucose metabolism and decreased low-frequency fluctuation have been consistently reported in the motor area of Parkinson's disease (PD). The reason for such seeming paradox is unclear. Here, we enrolled 34 PD patients and 25 healthy controls (HCs) for hybrid PET/fMRI scan (PET/fMRI(discovery) dataset).

Severity-dependent functional connectome and the association with glucose metabolism in the sensorimotor cortex of Parkinson's disease.

Functional MRI studies have achieved promising outcomes in revealing abnormal functional connectivity in Parkinson's disease (PD). The primary sensorimotor area (PSMA) received a large amount of attention because it closely correlates with motor deficits. While functional connectivity represents signaling between PSMA and other brain regions, the metabolic mechanism behind PSMA connectivity has rarely been well established.

The differences of orthostatic hypotension in patients with Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy.

Background: Multiple system atrophy (MSA) and Parkinson's disease (PD) have similar clinical presentations in their early stages. Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is a common autonomic dysfunction associated with MSA and PD. Heart rate (HR) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) changes are measured in response to the active standing test, which is widely used to screen for cardiovascular autonomic function.

Mediastinal shift angle (MSA) measurement with MRI: a simple and effective tool for prenatal risk stratification in fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

Objectives: To investigate the predictive value of mediastinal shift angle (MSA) in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH).

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 87 fetuses with prenatally diagnosed left-sided CDH (LCDH) and 88 controls. MSA was measured on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Impaired dynamic cerebral autoregulation: A potential mechanism of orthostatic hypotension and dementia in Parkinson's disease.

Background: Orthostatic hypotension (OH) and cognitive impairment are common non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). This study aimed to investigate whether impaired dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) is associated with OH and Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD), and analyze the related risk factors in patients with PDD.

Materials And Methods: We enrolled 89 patients with PD and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs).

Elderly-Onset Paroxysmal Kinesigenic Dyskinesia: A Case Report.

Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD) is characterized by transient and recurrent involuntary movements that are triggered by a sudden movement. Here, we report an elderly female patient with a 1-month history of paroxysmal rigidity of the right limb. As the symptoms were characterized as paroxysmal, transient, and repetitive, her condition was initially thought to be epilepsy.

Case report: Combined therapy of bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation and spinal cord stimulation significantly improves motor function in a patient with multiple system atrophy with predominant parkinsonism.

Multiple system atrophy with predominant parkinsonism (MSA-P) is a highly incapacitating disease with a short life expectancy and symptomatic therapy is still limited. In this report, we presented the case of a 65-year-old woman with a 3-year history of severe rigidity, bradykinesia, and gait dysfunction alongside severe freezing of gait diagnosed with MSA-P. She underwent combined therapy of bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (DBS) and low-thoracic spinal cord stimulation (SCS).

Techniques of Frameless Robot-Assisted Deep Brain Stimulation and Accuracy Compared with the Frame-Based Technique.

Background: Frameless robot-assisted deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an innovative technique for leads implantation. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy and precision of this technique using the Sinovation SR1 robot.

Methods: 35 patients with Parkinson's disease who accepted conventional frame-based DBS surgery ( = 18) and frameless robot-assisted DBS surgery ( = 17) by the same group of neurosurgeons were analyzed.

Iron-overloaded follicular fluid increases the risk of endometriosis-related infertility by triggering granulosa cell ferroptosis and oocyte dysmaturity.

Endometriosis (EMs) occurs in approximately 50% of women with infertility. The main causes of EMs-related infertility are follicle dysplasia and reduced oocyte quality. Iron overload occurs in ovarian follicular fluid (FF) of patients with EMs, and this condition is associated with oocyte maturation disorder.

Ferroptosis-Related Long Noncoding RNAs as Prognostic Biomarkers for Ovarian Cancer.

Ovarian cancer (OC) is a highly malignant gynecologic tumor with few treatments available and poor prognosis with the currently available diagnostic markers and interventions. More effective methods for diagnosis and treatment are urgently needed. Although the current evidence implicates ferroptosis in the development and therapeutic responses of various types of tumors, it is unclear to what extent ferroptosis affects OC.

Case Report: Clinical Outcome From Pallidal Stimulation in a Patient With Levodopa-Resistant Dopa-Responsive Dystonia.

Dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD) is a group of movement disorders with genetic and clinical heterogeneity. Dramatic response to levodopa is the hallmark of DRD. Therefore, DRD cases with poor response to levodopa are rarely reported.

Adverse Effects of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome on Pregnancy Outcomes in Women With Frozen-Thawed Embryo Transfer: Propensity Score-Matched Study.

Purpose: This work aimed to evaluate the adverse effect of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) on pregnancy outcomes of singletons after vitrification in women with frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET).

Methods: Patients with/without PCOS who underwent FET from January 2013 and December 2018 were included. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to reduce the influence of bias.