Application of noninvasive sampling technique in mitochondrial genome intraspecific phylogeny of the endangered butterfly, Teinopalpus aureus (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae).

The butterfly genus of Teinopalpus, endemic to Asia, embodies a distinct species of mountain-dwelling butterflies with specific habitat requirements. These species are rare in the wild and hold high conservation and research value. Similar to other protected species, the genetic analysis of the rare Teinopalpus aureus poses challenges due to the complexity of sampling.

The validity of the subspecies, Lee, from complete mitochondrial genome.

The complete mitochondrial genome (mtgenome) was determined from the emerged-pupa shell (Noninvasive sampling) of Lee. It was 15,234 base pairs in length and contained 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and a control region. By taking and as outgroups, a maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree was constructed among five geographical populations of based on 13 PCGs and two rRNA genes.

Phylogenetic relationships of Scelimeninae genera (Orthoptera: Tetrigoidea) based on COI, 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA gene sequences.

Scelimeninae is an important subfamily of Tetrigoidea; however, the phylogenetic relationships within Scelimeninae are poorly understood, and its generic classification has remained unstable. In this study, the COI, 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA genes from 24 species in 9 genera within Scelimeninae were amplified and sequenced, the base composition and inter-species genetic distance of the combined sequence of COI, 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA genes were analyzed, and the molecular phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed using Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods. The results of sequence analysis showed that the total length of the combined COI, 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA gene sequence was 3507 bp, including 2345 conservative sites, 1144 variable sites and 901 parsimony-informative sites.

Complete mitochondrial genomes of Teinopalpus imperialis (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) and phylogenetic relationships analyses.

In this study, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome of Teinopalpus imperialis, which is a national butterfly of India, and a grade-II protected species in China. The complete mtDNA from T. imperialis was 15 299 base pairs in length and contained 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, and 401 bp non-coding region.

Complete mitochondrial genome of the Teinopalpus aureus guangxiensis (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) and related phylogenetic analyses.

In this study, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome of Teinopalpus aureus guangxiensis (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae), which is considered as an endemic species in China. It is listed as a vulnerable species by International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Red List and also a first class endangered species in China. The complete mtDNA from T.