World and Human Action Models towards gameplay ideation.

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to transform creative industries through supporting human creative ideation-the generation of new ideas. However, limitations in model capabilities raise key challenges in integrating these technologies more fully into creative practices. Iterative tweaking and divergent thinking remain key to enabling creativity support using technology, yet these practices are insufficiently supported by state-of-the-art generative AI models.

Enhanced Performance of Sn-Based Perovskite Photodetectors Through Double-Sided Passivation for Near-Infrared Applications.

The development of high-performance Sn-based perovskite photodetectors is presented with double-sided passivation using large alkylammonium interlayers of PEAI and BDAI₂. This dual passivation strategy, applied to the top and bottom of FASnI₃ films, effectively improves film quality by reducing defect density, enhancing carrier mobility, and minimizing non-radiative energy losses at the interfaces. At 720 nm, the photodetectors demonstrate a responsivity of 0.

Icariin promoted ferroptosis by activating mitochondrial dysfunction to inhibit colorectal cancer and synergistically enhanced the efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors.

Background: A controlled type of cell death called ferroptosis is linked to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, and iron buildup. Furthermore, evidence indicates that ferroptosis may act as an immunogenic form of cell death with potential physiological functions in tumors and immunosuppression. Inducing ferroptosis in tumor cells may have the potential to complement cancer immunotherapy strategies.

Machine learning predicts heavy metal adsorption on iron (oxyhydr)oxides: A combined insight into the adsorption efficiency and binding configuration.

The adsorption of heavy metal on iron (oxyhydr)oxides is one of the most vital geochemical/chemical processes controlling the environmental fate of these contaminants in natural and engineered systems. Traditional experimental methods to investigate this process are often time-consuming and labor-intensive due to the complexity of influencing factors. Herein, a comprehensive database containing the adsorption data of 11 heavy metals on 7 iron (oxyhydr)oxides was constructed, and the machine learning models was successfully developed to predict the adsorption efficiency.

Exploring and Exploiting Multi-Modality Uncertainty for Tumor Segmentation on PET/CT.

Despite the success of deep learning methods in multi-modality segmentation tasks, they typically produce a deterministic output, neglecting the underlying uncertainty. The absence of uncertainty could lead to over-confident predictions with catastrophic consequences, particularly in safety-critical clinical applications. Recently, uncertainty estimation has attracted increasing attention, offering a measure of confidence associated with machine decisions.

Unsupervised CT Metal Artifact Reduction by Plugging Diffusion Priors in Dual Domains.

During the process of computed tomography (CT), metallic implants often cause disruptive artifacts in the reconstructed images, impeding accurate diagnosis. Many supervised deep learning-based approaches have been proposed for metal artifact reduction (MAR). However, these methods heavily rely on training with paired simulated data, which are challenging to acquire.

Guidance for dysmorphic sacrum fixation with upper sacroiliac screw based on imaging anatomy study: techniques and indications.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the techniques and indications of upper sacroiliac screw fixation for the dysmorphic sacrum.

Methods: The dysmorphic sacra were selected from 267 three-dimensional pelvic models. The dysmorphic sacra which couldn't accommodate a 7.

An Exploration of Osteosarcoma Metastasis Diagnostic Markers Based on Tumor-Associated Neutrophils.

Background: The high rate of the recurrence and metastasis of osteosarcoma (OS) is the major cause of its poor prognosis. There is a strong correlation between tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) and tumor progression, progression, and metastasis. This study aimed to identify potential markers that could predict OS metastasis based on analysis of TANs in the tissues of OS patients.

Constructing an Interfacial Gradient Heterostructure Enables Efficient CsPbI Perovskite Solar Cells and Printed Minimodules.

Severe nonradiative recombination originating from interfacial defects together with the pervasive energy level mismatch at the interface remarkably limits the performance of CsPbI perovskite solar cells (PSCs). These issues need to be addressed urgently for high-performance cells and their applications. Herein, an interfacial gradient heterostructure based on low-temperature post-treatment of quaternary bromide salts for efficient CsPbI PSCs with an impressive efficiency of 21.

Bridging Feature Gaps to Improve Multi-Organ Segmentation on Abdominal Magnetic Resonance Image.

Accurate segmentation of abdominal organs on MRI is crucial for computer-aided surgery and computer-aided diagnosis. Most state-of-the-art methods for MRI segmentation employ an encoder-decoder structure, with skip connections concatenating shallow features from the encoder and deep features from the decoder. In this work, we noticed that simply concatenating shallow and deep features was insufficient for segmentation due to the feature gap between shallow features and deep features.

The ferroptosis signature predicts the prognosis and immune microenvironment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a cancer with a high metastatic rate and poor prognosis. Growing studies suggest that ferroptosis take part in the development of tumours. At the same time, the connection between ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) and the prognosis of NPC remains unclear.

Spinel LiMnO as a Capacitive Deionization Electrode Material with High Desalination Capacity: Experiment and Simulation.

Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a newly developed desalination technology with low energy consumption and environmental friendliness. The surface area restricts the desalination capacities of traditional carbon-based CDI electrodes while battery materials emerge as CDI electrodes with high performances due to the larger electrochemical capacities, but suffer limited production of materials. LiMnO is a massively-produced lithium-ion battery material with a stable spinel structure and a high theoretical specific capacity of 148 mAh·g, revealing a promising candidate for CDI electrode.

Integrative Analysis Identified CD38 As a Key Node That Correlates Highly with Immunophenotype, Chemoradiotherapy Resistance, And Prognosis of Head and Neck Cancer.

Head and neck cancer (HNC) is mainly treated by surgery, radiotherapy, and adjuvant chemotherapy; however, the prognosis of some patients with HNC is poor because of radiotherapy and chemotherapy resistance. In recent years, anti‑PD‑1 monoclonal antibodies have shown certain efficacy, and a change of the tumor immune microenvironment is the main reason for the failure of HNC immunotherapy. The present study aimed to identify and verify that CD38, which is closely related to the prognosis of HNC, is a potential biological marker of radiotherapy and chemotherapy resistance and PD-L1 immunotherapy resistance via a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis in The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases.

Evaluation of factors associated the expression of anti-HBs in children in Hunan Province, China.

Background And Objectives: Vaccine is the most essential avenue to prevent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in infants and preschool children in China, with the largest populations carrying HBV in the world. This study aimed to evaluate the factors associating the response level of anti-HBs in children, providing instructions for HBV prevention clinically.

Methods: The children taking physical examinations in the Third Xiangya Hospital from January 2013 to April 2020 were recruited.

Rapid determination of 14 odorous compounds in drinking water using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry coupled with headspace solid-phase microextraction pretreatment.

A sensitive and effective method was developed for the simultaneous determination of 14 odorous compounds in drinking water using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) coupled with headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) pretreatment. The influencing factors including SPME fiber, ionic strength, temperature and time on the pretreatment procedure were evaluated systematically. Under the optimized conditions, 10 mL of the samples added with 1.

A Versatile Molten-Salt Induction Strategy to Achieve Efficient CsPbI Perovskite Solar Cells with a High Open-Circuit Voltage >1.2 V.

All-inorganic CsPbI perovskite has emerged as an important photovoltaic material due to its high thermal stability and suitable bandgap for tandem devices. Currently, the cell performance of CsPbI solar cells is mainly subject to a large open-circuit voltage (V ) deficit. Herein, a multifunctional room-temperature molten salt, dimethylamine acetate (DMAAc) is demonstrated, which not only directly acts as a solvent for precursor solutions, but also regulates the phase conversion process of the CsPbI film for high-efficiency photovoltaics.

Group Sparsity Mixture Model and Its Application on Image Denoising.

Prior learning is a fundamental problem in the field of image processing. In this paper, we conduct a detailed study on (1) how to model and learn the prior of the image patch group, which consists of a group of non-local similar image patches, and (2) how to apply the learned prior to the whole image denoising task. To tackle the first problem, we propose a new prior model named Group Sparsity Mixture Model (GSMM).

Learning low-dose CT degradation from unpaired data with flow-based model.

Background: There has been growing interest in low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) for reducing the X-ray radiation to patients. However, LDCT always suffers from complex noise in reconstructed images. Although deep learning-based methods have shown their strong performance in LDCT denoising, most of them require a large number of paired training data of normal-dose CT (NDCT) images and LDCT images, which are hard to acquire in the clinic.

Evaluation of Essential and Toxic Elements in the Blood of 0-14-Year-Old Children in Hunan, China From 2013 to 2019: A Retrospective Analysis.

Objective: The aim was to investigate the distribution and correlation of Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, Fe, Pb, and Cd in the blood of children aged 0-14 years in Hunan, China, which may serve to provide a basis for clinical guidance on child health.

Study Design: A retrospective analysis was carried out. Concentrations of all elements were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

Assessing predictors of self-management intentions in people with type 2 diabetes.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is slowly turning into an international health emergency, evidenced by accelerated growth in prevalence rates worldwide. Experts have now called for greater integration of self-management interventions in clinical practice in light of these worrisome trends, supplanting the prevailing notion of a "glucocentric" approach. In this pilot study designed to complement a novel assessment program currently in development, we describe a concise screening tool designed to stratify the intention to follow through on self-management practices in people with T2D.

Temperature-Reliable Low-Dimensional Perovskites Passivated Black-Phase CsPbI toward Stable and Efficient Photovoltaics.

Low-dimensional (LD) perovskites can effectively passivate and stabilize 3D perovskites for high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Regards CsPbI -based PSCs, the influence of high-temperature annealing on the LD perovskite passivation effect has to be taken into account due to fact the black-phase CsPbI crystallization requires high-temperature treatment, however, which has been rarely concerned so far. Here, the thermal stability of LD perovskites based on three hydrophobic organic ammonium salts and their passivation effect toward CsPbI and the whole device performance, have been investigated.