Sodium Butyrate Alleviates Mouse Colitis by Regulating Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) develops as a result of complicated interactions between genetic susceptibility, excessive innate immunity, and environmental factors, which are mainly related to the gut microbiota. The present study aimed to elucidate the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of a short-chain fatty acid salt, sodium butyrate, on colonic inflammation induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in mice. Pretreatment with sodium butyrate attenuated colitis, as demonstrated by the decreased disease activity index (DAI), colon length shortening, spleen tumidness, and histopathology scores, while maintaining intestinal barrier integrity, as observed by H&E staining and electron microscopy.

Uridine phosphorylase 1 is a novel immune-related target and predicts worse survival in brain glioma.

Uridine phosphorylase 1 (UPP1) has been reported as an oncogene in several malignancies. In glioma, the role of UPP1 remains unclear. This study was performed to explore its role in glioma at transcriptional level.

[Impact of post-thoracotomy analgesia with dexmedetomidine and morphine on immunocytes: a randomized clinical trial].

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of post-thoracotomy analgesia with dexmedetomidine and morphine on immunocytes.

Methods: A total of 118 patients with post-thoracotomy Patient-Controlled Intravenous Analgesia (PCIA) in our hospital from March 2016 to July 2018 were randomly selected and divided into the Composite (COM) Group (57 patients administered with dexmedetomidine [1.0 μg.

Hearing loss and employment: a systematic review of the association between hearing loss and employment among adults.

Background: Hearing loss affects over 1.3 billion individuals worldwide, with the greatest burden among adults. Little is known regarding the association between adult-onset hearing loss and employment.

A eukaryotic expression strategy for producing the novel antimicrobial peptide PRW4.

The antimicrobial peptide PMAP-36 is a cationic peptide derived from porcine myeloid. The N-terminally paired lysine of PMAP-36 was substituted with tryptophan, and the C-terminal hydrophobic tail was deleted, thereby obtaining the antimicrobial peptide PRW4. PRW4 is a α-helical antimicrobial peptide with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity.

Effects of dietary resveratrol supplementation in sows on antioxidative status, myofiber characteristic and meat quality of offspring.

This study investigated the influence of dietary resveratrol (300 mg/kg) supplementation in sows on the antioxidative status, myofiber characteristic and meat quality of their progeny. Results showed that maternal dietary resveratrol supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the backfat thickness and tended (P = 0.

Weaning Alters Intestinal Gene Expression Involved in Nutrient Metabolism by Shaping Gut Microbiota in Pigs.

Weaning transition usually impairs intestinal architecture and functions and results in gut-associated disorders in pigs. Understanding the changes in intestinal transcriptome and gut microbiota during weaning transition is important for elucidating the underlying mechanism of weaning stress. In the present study, we performed RNA-seq to determine the changes in intestinal transcriptome and 16S rRNA sequencing to measure the gut microbiota changes in the weaning transition.

Heterologous expression of the novel α-helical hybrid peptide PR-FO in Bacillus subtilis.

PR-FO is a novel α-helical hybrid antimicrobial peptide (AMP) with strong antimicrobial activities and high stability, and the potential to develop into a new generation of antimicrobial agents. In this study, the encoded gene sequence of SMT3-PR-FO was designed and transformed into B. subtilis WB800N.

Characterization of an antibacterial dodecapeptide from pig as a potential food preservative and its antibacterial mechanism.

Antimicrobial peptides are believed to be promising bio-preservatives to prevent microbial spoilage through food processing and preservation. With the aim of developing short peptides with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and revealing their potential antimicrobial mechanism, a novel class of dodecapeptides were designed by introducing Trp into the hydrophilic face of RI12, a truncated α-helical peptide of porcine myeloid antimicrobial peptide-36 (PMAP-36). The antimicrobial activity study indicated that Trp endowed the peptides with higher antimicrobial potency, and the net charge of +5 was sufficient for the dodecapeptides to exert antimicrobial action.

Associations between the incidence and mortality rates of type 2 diabetes mellitus and long-term exposure to ambient air pollution: A 12-year cohort study in northern China.

Background: Ambient air pollution has recently been related to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a disease that has caused an economic and health burden worldwide. Evidence of an association between air pollution and T2DM was reported in the United States and Europe. However, few studies have focused on the association with high levels of air pollutants in a developing country.

Peptides With Triplet-Tryptophan-Pivot Promoted Pathogenic Bacteria Membrane Defects.

Development of probiotic-ineffective antimicrobial peptides (AMPs)-based coatings that can kill pathogenic bacteria at low concentrations but are essentially harmless (even high concentrations) to probiotic organisms is a relatively new trend for therapy against GI tract infections. In this study, a series of triplet-tryptophan-pivot peptides with various hydrophilic amino acids was constructed. One AMP in particular, S7, showed bactericidal activity against , , and antibiotic-resistant , yet was shown to be harmless to , a key GI tract commensal.

Threonine, but Not Lysine and Methionine, Reduces Fat Accumulation by Regulating Lipid Metabolism in Obese Mice.

Some amino acids (AAs) have been proven to suppress fat mass and improve insulin sensitivity. However, the impact of important essential AAs, threonine, lysine, and methionine, on obesity has not been clarified. In the present study, after an 8 week period of obesity induction, mice were grouped to receive either a high-fat diet (HFD) or HFD supplemented with lysine, threonine, or methionine (3% in drinking water) for another 10 weeks.

Spontaneous Rupture of Leiomyoma Diagnosed Preoperatively with Noncontrast Computed Tomography.

Background: Spontaneous rupture of benign uterine fibroids is extremely rare and has been associated with fibroid degeneration. It can cause acute intraperitoneal bleeding requiring immediate surgical intervention.

Case: A previously healthy 50-year-old, Caucasian, nullipara presented with syncope, hemodynamic instability, and an acute abdomen.

Association between long-term exposure to Sulfur dioxide pollution and hypertension incidence in northern China: a 12-year cohort study.

Several studies have researched the short-term effect of sulfur dioxide (SO) exposure on hypertension. However, no evidence has provided the relationship between long-term high pollution exposure of SO and morbidity of hypertension in cohort studies in China. This retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate this association.

The Effects of Endoplasmic-Reticulum-Resident Selenoproteins in a Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Pig Model Induced by a High-Fat Diet.

The present study aimed to investigate the intervention of selenium in the oxidative stress and apoptosis of pig livers, which were induced by a high-fat diet, and the effects of four endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident selenoproteins in the process. A 2×4 design trial was conducted that included two dietary fat levels (BD = basal diet and HFD = high-fat diet) and four dietary Se supplementation levels (0, 0.3, 1.

Leucine and isoleucine have similar effects on reducing lipid accumulation, improving insulin sensitivity and increasing the browning of WAT in high-fat diet-induced obese mice.

Branched chain amino acids (BCAAs), especially leucine (Leu), have been reported to decrease fat deposition. However, extensive studies have not been conducted to determine whether Leu and isoleucine (Ile) have the same effects in mice fed a high fat diet (HFD). Already obese mice induced by HFD were assigned to the following groups: HFD, HFD + Leu, HFD + Ile, and HFD + Leu + Ile.

Hybridization with Insect Cecropin A (1-8) Improve the Stability and Selectivity of Naturally Occurring Peptides.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) offer great hope and a promising opportunity to overcome the rapid development of drug-resistant pathogenic microbes. However, AMPs often lack the stability required for a successful systemic drug. Hybridizing different AMPs is a simple and effective strategy to obtain novel peptides.

Pyrroloquinoline quinone inhibits the production of inflammatory cytokines via the SIRT1/NF-κB signal pathway in weaned piglet jejunum.

The small intestine is an important digestive organ and plays a vital role in the life of a pig. In this study, we explored the regulatory role and molecular mechanism of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) on intestinal health and to discussed the interaction between PQQ and vitamin C (VC). A total of 160 healthy piglets weaned at 21 d were randomly divided into four treatment groups according to 2 × 2 factoring.

l-Arginine Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Intestinal Inflammation through Inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB and MAPK Pathways and Stimulating β-Defensin Expression in Vivo and in Vitro.

Nutritional regulation of endogenous antimicrobial peptide (AMP) expression is considered a promising nonantibiotic approach to suppressing intestinal infection of pathogen. The current study investigated the effects of l-arginine on LPS-induced intestinal inflammation and barrier dysfunction in vivo and in vitro. The results revealed that l-arginine attenuated LPS-induced inflammatory response, inhibited the downregulation of tight junction proteins (TJP) ( < 0.

Astragalus polysaccharides alleviates LPS-induced inflammation via the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway.

Early weaning usually causes intestinal disorders, enteritis, and diarrhea in young animals and human infants. Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) possesses anti-inflammatory activity. To study the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of APS and its potential effects on intestinal health, we performed an RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) study in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) in vitro.

A Clinical Study of the Intra-Neuroendoscopic Technique for the Treatment of Subacute-Chronic and Chronic Septal Subdural Hematoma.

The surgical technique, safety, efficacy, and clinical application value of the intra-neuroendoscopic technique (INET) for the treatment of subacute-chronic and chronic septal subdural hematoma was investigated based on the structure and pathological features of the hematoma wall, and the critical factors of hematoma growth and recurrence were determined, in order to provide reference for clinical drug treatment. This was non-randomized concurrent control study. A total of 94 patients who met the inclusion criteria were recruited between May 2015 and February 2019 and were divided into the INET treatment group (INET group, 45 cases) and the burr hole drainage (BHD) treatment group (control group, 49 cases).

Conversion of Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Peptides into Species-Specific Antimicrobials Capable of Precisely Targeting Pathogenic Bacteria.

Currently, the majority of antibiotics in clinical use have broad activity spectra, killing pathogenic and beneficial microorganisms indiscriminately. The disruption of the ecological balance of normal flora often results in secondary infections or other antibiotic-associated complications. Therefore, targeted antimicrobial therapies capable of specifically eliminating pathogenic bacteria while retaining the protective benefits of a normal microflora would be advantageous.

Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effect of Poincianella pyramidalis (Tul.) L.P. Queiroz.

Ethnopharmacology Relevance: Poncianella pyramidalis (Leguminosae) is a Caatinga plant used in folk medicine because of its pharmacological properties, which include anti-inflammatory action. However, chemical compounds responsible for this effect have not yet been identified.

Aim Of The Study: This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of the ethyl acetate fraction from the inner bark of P.

Design of Heptad Repeat Amphiphiles Based on Database Filtering and Structure-Function Relationships to Combat Drug-Resistant Fungi and Biofilms.

Due to the emergence of reports of multidrug-resistant fungi, infections caused by multidrug-resistant fungi and biofilms are considered to be a global threat to human health due to the lack of effective broad-spectrum drugs. Here, we developed a series heptad repeat sequences based on an antimicrobial peptide database (APD) and structure-function relationships. Among the developed peptides, the target peptide ACR3 exhibited good activity against all fungi and bacteria tested, including fluconazole-resistant () and methicillin-resistant (), while demonstrating relatively low toxicity and good salt tolerance.