Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan (DXA) findings in diabetic and non-diabetic female: A retrospective cohort study.

Introduction: Osteoporosis is a silent disease which has an effect on bone structure. Studies on the association between bone mineral density (BMD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) revealed conflicting results. We conducted a study to assess the prevalence of osteoporosis in females with T2DM and compare dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan results between diabetic and non-diabetic females in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

Comparative Study of Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness Between Football and Judo Groups in Prepubertal Boys.

Background: Exercise induced bronchospasm (EIB) commonly occurs during exercise. The comparative effects of different sports on airway responsiveness among prepubertal boys remain to be determined.

Objectives: To assess differences in post exercise spirometry between footballers, judokas and a control group in prepubertal boys.

Comparative study of aerobic performance between football and judo groups in prepubertal boys.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the impact of the practice of football and judo on lung function and aerobic performance of prepubertal boys.

Methods: A total of ninety six prepubertal boys were studied. They assessed a measure of body composition using the skin folds method.

Prevalence, severity and risk factors of asthma, rhinitis and eczema in a large group of Chinese schoolchildren.

Background: There is a lack of information on the prevalence, severity and risk factors of asthma, rhinitis and eczema in Chinese children.

Objective: To establish baseline data for a major longitudinal study of factors affecting asthma, rhinitis and eczema in a large group of children from the industrialized city of Shijiazhuang, China.

Methods: We used the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire and studied 10 338 children, ages 6-18, from Shijiazhuang.

Impact of pharmaceutical care on health outcomes in patients with COPD.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) treatment goals are often not achieved despite the availability of many effective treatments. Furthermore, clinical pharmacist interventions to improve clinical and humanistic outcomes in COPD patients have not yet been explored and few randomized controlled trials have been reported to evaluate the impact of pharmaceutical care on health outcomes in patients with COPD.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of pharmaceutical care intervention, with a strong focus on self-management, on a range of clinical and humanistic outcomes in patients with COPD.

Hospital-at-home care for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: an observational cohort study of patients managed in hospital or by nurse practitioners in the community.

The Urgent Care Team (UCT) in Sunderland (pop. 293,000) is a unique nurse practitioner service operating a hospital at home 24/7/365 to deal promptly with patients suffering an exacerbation of their COPD (AECOPD). Treatment is according to patient group directions utilising nebulised bronchodilators, doxycycline and prednisolone.

Trends in the prevalence and severity of asthma, rhinitis and atopic eczema in 6- to 7- and 13- to 14-yr-old children from the north-east of England.

The aims of the present study were to assess time trends in symptoms of asthma, rhinitis and atopic eczema among children in the north-east of England. Two cross- sectional surveys 6 yr apart, 6- to 7- and 13- to 14 yr of age, using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood, core questionnaire were performed. There was a general increase in symptoms for all the three conditions in both the age groups.

Prevalence and severity of asthma, rhinitis, and atopic eczema in 13- to 14-year-old schoolchildren from the northeast of England.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and severity of asthma, rhinitis, and atopic eczema in schoolchildren from the northeast of England.

Methods: We randomly selected 3,000 children from 80 schools. We used the ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood) written questionnaire.

Prevalence and severity of asthma, rhinitis, and atopic eczema: the north east study.

Using the international study of asthma and allergies in childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire, 3000 children aged 6-7 years from various schools in the north east of England were studied. In this population, the lifetime prevalence rates of various symptoms and diagnoses were: wheezing, 29.6%; atopic eczema, 27.

Respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function in a group of women weavers in South Africa.

Respiratory symptoms and ventilatory capacity were studied in 97 women carpet weavers in a hand-made carpet weaving industry in Umtata, Transkei, South Africa. The controls were from a bottling plant in the same city. Both groups were Black Africans from the Xhosa-speaking population.

Longitudinal and cross-sectional analyses of lung function in steelworkers.

We evaluated associations between dust exposure, demographic factors, and lung function by longitudinal and cross-sectional analyses in 475 steelworkers who participated in at least three spirometry tests over 5 yr between 1982 and 1991. Baseline and follow-up spirometry and changes between baseline and final follow-up assessment attributable to age, height, weight, weight gain, smoking status, pack-years, and years worked in dusty areas were examined using stepwise multiple linear regression techniques. Smoking, aging, being overweight, excessive weight gain, and dust exposure were related to a lower level and a steeper slope of decline of pulmonary function.

Heart and arterial disease risk factor levels in the Scottish workforce: cross-sectional study of risk factor levels. The SHARP Committee. Scottish Heart and Arterial Disease Risk Prevention.

Between 1991-93 a specially trained team of nurses screened 19,435 subjects from various workforces in different regions of Scotland to identify cardiovascular disease risk factor levels in the Scottish working population. The regions visited provided a wide geographical spread. Name, age, occupation, social class, personal and family history of cardiovascular disease were recorded along with consumption of tobacco, alcohol and salt.

Respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function in flour processing workers in the baking industry.

Respiratory symptoms and ventilatory capacity were studied in 63 flour processing male bakery workers in Umtata, Transkei, Southern Africa. The controls were from a bottling plant in the same city. Both groups were black Africans from the Xhosa-speaking population.

Pulmonary function in normal non-smoking black southern African adults.

Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced expiratory ratio (FEV1/FVC x 100) and forced mid-expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of FVC (FMF) were measured in 3000 lifelong non-smoking Xhosa black Southern African adult population aged 20-60 yr from Umtata in the Transkei in Southern Africa. FVC, FEV1 and FMF were highly correlated with each other and all were highly correlated with age and standing height. The normal ranges for spirometric measurements were narrower than in many previous studies.

Pulmonary function and symptoms in workers exposed to wood dust.

Background: Exposure to wood dust can cause a variety of lung problems, including chronic airflow obstruction.

Methods: Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced expiratory ratio (FEV1/FVC x 100), forced expiratory flow (FEF), forced mid expiratory flow (FMF), peak expiratory flow (PEF), and respiratory symptoms (cough, phlegm, breathlessness, wheezing, and nasal symptoms) were recorded in 145 non-smoking workers (77 male, 68 female) exposed to wood dust in a furniture factory in Umtata, Republic of Transkei, and 152 non-smoking control subjects (77 male, 75 female) from a bottling factory with a clean environment.

Results: After adjustment for age and standing height the forced expiratory indices were significantly lower in the exposed male workers than in the control subjects.

Forced expiratory indices in normal black southern African children aged 6-19 years.

Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced expiratory ratio (FEV1/FVC x 100), forced mid expiratory flow (FMF), and peak expiratory flow (PEF) were measured in 2000 non-smoking black African schoolchildren aged 6-19 years from Umtata in the Republic of Transkei in Southern Africa. FVC, FEV1, FMF, and PEF were highly correlated with each other and all were highly correlated with age and standing height in both sexes. There was a significant negative correlation between FEV1/FVC and both age and standing height.

Growth of normal urban black Southern African children aged 6-19 years.

Height-for-age, weight-for-age, weight-for-height, and height gain were studied in two-thousand normal urban black Southern African schoolchildren from Umtata, Republic of Transkei, Southern Africa. The height-for-age data in the present study were less than those of the USA National Centre for Health Statistics (NCHS) data and the overall distribution of height for age was between the 3rd and 75th percentiles of NCHS. In boys, after the age of 13 years, the weight-for-age data in the present study were statistically less than NCHS and the overall distribution of weight-for-age data was between the 10th and 75th percentiles of NCHS.

Growth rate and anthropometry of a Libyan population.

Body weight, standing height, skin-fold thicknesses at four sites (biceps, triceps, subscapular, and suprailiac) and percent fat were measured in 1800 Libyan children and adults aged 6-25 years. There was a marked difference in anthropometric measurements between boys and girls at the age of 14 years. Libyan children have the same rate of increase in standing height as European children.

Forced expiratory indices in normal Libyan men.

Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced expiratory ratio in the first second (FEV1% VC), forced expiratory flow between 200 and 1200 ml (FEF200-1200), and forced mid expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of FVC (FMF) were measured in 275 Libyan men ranging from 20 to 60 years. All values were lower with increasing age and, apart from FEV1% VC, were positively correlated with standing height. This study can be used as a source of reference for Libyan men.

Forced expiratory indices in normal Libyan children aged 6-19 years.

Forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) were measured in 796 Libyan children (386 boys and 410 girls) with ages ranging from 6 to 19 years. Values in girls were significantly less than those in boys after allowance had been made for age and height. FVC and FEV1 correlated best with standing height but were also correlated with body weight.