Characterization and prediction of viral loads of Hepatitis B serum samples by using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS).

Background: Raman spectroscopy is a promising technique to analyze the body fluids for the purpose of non-invasive disease diagnosis.

Objectives: To develop a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) based method for qualitative and quantitative analysis of hepatitis B viral (HBV) infection from blood serum samples.

Methods: Clinically diagnosed hepatitis B virus (HBV) infected serum samples of patients of different levels of viral loads have been subjected for SERS analysis in comparison with the healthy ones by using silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) based SERS substrates.

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for identification of food processing bacteria.

Food processing bacteria play important role in providing flavors, ingredients and other beneficial characteristics to the food but at the same time some bacteria are responsible for food spoilage. Therefore, quick and reliable identification of these food processing bacteria is very necessary for the differentiation between different species which may help in the development of more useful food processing methodologies. In this study, analysis of different bacterial species (Lactobacillus fermentum, Fructobacillus fructosus, Pediococcus pentosaceus and Halalkalicoccus jeotgali) was performed with our in-house developed Ag NPs-based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) method.

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for analysis of PCR products of viral RNA of hepatitis C patients.

In the current study, for a qualitative and quantitative study of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) products of viral RNA of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) methodology has been developed. SERS was used to identify the spectral features associated with the PCR products of viral RNA of Hepatitis C in various samples of HCV-infected patients with predetermined viral loads. The measurements for SERS were performed on 30 samples of PCR products, which included three PCR products of RNA of healthy individuals, six negative controls, and twenty-one HCV positive samples of varying viral loads (VLs) using Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) as a SERS substrates.

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy analysis of serum samples of typhoid patients of different stages.

Background: Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) of body fluids is considered a quick, simple and easy to use method for the diagnosis of disease.

Objectives: To evaluate rapid, reliable, and non-destructive SERS-based diagnostic tool with multivariate data analysis including principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) for classification of different stages of typhoid on the basis of characteristic SERS spectral features.

Methods: SERS has been used for analysis of serum samples of different stages of typhoid including early acute stage and late acute stage in comparison with healthy samples, in order to investigate capability of this technique for diagnosis of typhoid.

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for the identification of tigecycline-resistant E. coli strains.

Tigecycline (TGC) is recognised as last resort of drugs against several antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Bacterial resistance to tigecycline due to presence of plasmid-mediated mobile TGC resistance genes (tet X3/X4) has broken another defense line. Therefore, rapid and reproducible detection of tigecycline-resistant E.

Rapid and sensitive discrimination among carbapenem resistant and susceptible E. coli strains using Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy combined with chemometric tools.

Background: Raman spectroscopy is a powerful technique for the robust, reliable and rapid detection and discrimination of bacteria.

Objectives: To develop a rapid and sensitive technique based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) with multivariate data analysis tools for discrimination among carbapenem resistant and susceptible E. coli strains.

SERS-based viral load quantification of hepatitis B virus from PCR products.

Hepatitis B is a contagious liver disorder caused by hepatitis B virus and if not treated at an early stage, it becomes chronic and results in liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma which can even lead to death. In present study, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is employed for the analysis of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products of DNA extracted from hepatitis B virus (HBV) infected patients in comparison with healthy individuals. SERS spectral features are identified which are solely present in the HBV positive samples and consistently increase in intensities with increase in viral load which can be considered as a SERS spectral marker for HBV infection.

Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy of RNA samples extracted from blood of hepatitis C patients for quantification of viral loads.

Background: Raman spectroscopy is a promising technique to analyze the body fluids for the purpose of non-invasive disease diagnosis.

Objectives: To develop a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) based method for qualitative and quantitative analysis of HCV from blood samples.

Methods: SERS was employed to characterize the Hepatitis C viral RNA extracted from different blood samples of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected patients with predetermined viral loads in comparison with total RNA of healthy individuals.

Raman spectroscopy for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of solid dosage forms of Sitagliptin.

To demonstrate the potential of Raman spectroscopy for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of solid dosage pharmacological formulations, different concentrations of Sitagliptin, an Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) currently prescribed as an anti-diabetic drug, are characterised. Increase of the API concentrations induces changes in the Raman spectral features specifically associated with the drug and excipients. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR), were used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the spectral responses.

Quantitative analysis of solid dosage forms of cefixime using Raman spectroscopy.

Quantification of antibiotics is of significant importance because of their use in the prevention and treatment of different diseases. Cefixime (CEF) is a cephalosporin antibiotic that is used against bacterial infections. In the present study, Raman spectroscopy has been applied for the identification and quantification of Raman spectral features of cefixime with different concentrations of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) and excipients in solid dosage forms.