Blood-brain barrier dysfunction and decreased transcription of tight junction proteins in epileptic dogs.

Background: Epilepsy in dogs and humans is associated with blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction (BBBD), which may involve dysfunction of tight junction (TJ) proteins, matrix metalloproteases, and astrocytes. Imaging techniques to assess BBB integrity, to identify potential treatment strategies, have not yet been evaluated in veterinary medicine.

Hypothesis: Some dogs with idiopathic epilepsy (IE) will exhibit BBBD.

RESOLUTION OF CALVARIAL HYPEROSTOSIS IN AFRICAN LION CUBS () AFTER VITAMIN A SUPPLEMENTATION.

Two female (FL 1, FL 2) and one male (ML) 11-wk-old, intact, captive African lion cubs () were presented with a history of mild vestibular signs. Initial serum vitamin A concentrations were low (140 nmol/L) for ML. Calvarial hyperostosis was confirmed using computed tomography (CT) of the head and cervical vertebrae in each cub.

Predicting the Effect of Surface Waviness on Fatigue Life of a Wire + Arc Additive Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V Alloy.

This paper reports the effect of as-deposited surface conditions on the fatigue strength of an additively manufactured titanium alloy, Ti-6Al-4V (WAAM Ti64). First, the local stress concentration caused by the surface waviness was quantified using a metrology technique and computer modelling. Fatigue tests were conducted under bending loads at a cyclic load ratio of 0.

Quantitative analysis of magnetic resonance images for characterization of blood-brain barrier dysfunction in dogs with brain tumors.

Background: Blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability can be assessed quantitatively using advanced imaging analysis.

Hypothesis/objectives: Quantification and characterization of blood-brain barrier dysfunction (BBBD) patterns in dogs with brain tumors can provide useful information about tumor biology and assist in distinguishing between gliomas and meningiomas.

Animals: Seventy-eight hospitalized dogs with brain tumors and 12 control dogs without brain tumors.

Evaluation of a treatment protocol in dogs with intraspinal spirocercosis.

Objective: To evaluate the efficiency and safety of a doramectin-based treatment protocol in dogs affected by intraspinal spirocercosis (Spirocerca lupi).

Animals: Client-owned dogs that were admitted to a veterinary hospital during 2021 to 2022 with acute onset of neurological signs and diagnosed with intraspinal spirocercosis. All dogs underwent complete neurological evaluation, CSF analysis, PCR confirmation of CNS S lupi infection, and follow-up evaluation of at least 6 months.

The diagnostic utility of hypophosphatemia for differentiating generalized tonic-clonic seizures from syncope in dogs: A case control study.

Transient hypophosphatemia is often detected in humans following generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS), and serum phosphorus concentration (sPi) serves as a marker to differentiate GTCS from syncope. The objective of this retrospective study was to assess the usefulness of hypophosphatemia as a diagnostic marker for GTCS in dogs. Eighty-seven and 26 client-owned dogs with GTCS or syncope, respectively, were enrolled.

Spinal cord protothecosis causing paraparesis in a dog.

Protothecosis, an infectious disease caused by the green algae and , occurs sporadically in domestic animals and humans. Diagnosis of CNS protothecosis is based on neurologic signs that indicate multifocal nervous system lesions and that follow a period of chronic diarrhea and weight loss, cytologic observation of algae in fecal culture or histopathology, and detection of the agent by PCR assay of infected tissues. Here, we report a case of a paraparetic dog with CNS protothecosis that was diagnosed definitively antemortem using CSF cytology, PCR, and DNA sequencing.

Detection of blood-brain barrier dysfunction using advanced imaging methods to predict seizures in dogs with meningoencephalitis of unknown origin.

Background: The blood-brain barrier (BBB), which separates the intravascular and neuropil compartments, characterizes the vascular bed of the brain and is essential for its proper function. Recent advances in imaging techniques have driven the development of methods for quantitative assessment of BBB permeability.

Hypothesis/objectives: Permeability of the BBB can be assessed quantitatively in dogs with meningoencephalitis of unknown origin (MUO) and its status is associated with the occurrence of seizures.

Telmisartan as an add-on treatment for dogs with refractory idiopathic epilepsy: a nonrandomized, uncontrolled, open-label clinical trial.

Objective: To evaluate the effect on seizure frequency of add-on telmisartan treatment in dogs with refractory idiopathic epilepsy.

Animals: 11 client-owned dogs with idiopathic epilepsy and ≥ 2 generalized seizures/mon that were currently being treated with ≥ 2 antiepileptic drugs.

Procedures: Telmisartan was administered at a dosage of 0.

STDP and the distribution of preferred phases in the whisker system.

Rats and mice use their whiskers to probe the environment. By rhythmically swiping their whiskers back and forth they can detect the existence of an object, locate it, and identify its texture. Localization can be accomplished by inferring the whisker's position.

Robust rhythmogenesis via spike-timing-dependent plasticity.

Rhythmic activity has been observed in numerous animal species ranging from insects to humans, and in relation to a wide range of cognitive tasks. Various experimental and theoretical studies have investigated rhythmic activity. The theoretical efforts have mainly been focused on the neuronal dynamics, under the assumption that network connectivity satisfies certain fine-tuning conditions required to generate oscillations.

CT findings and the prognostic value of the Koret CT score in cats with traumatic brain injury.

Objectives: The aims of this study were to evaluate associations between abnormal head CT findings and outcome, and to examine the prognostic value of the Koret CT score (KCTS) in cats sustaining acute traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods: The medical records of cats hospitalised with TBI that underwent head CT scans within 72 h of admission were retrospectively reviewed. CT scans were evaluated independently by a radiologist and a neurologist who were blinded to the outcome.

The prognostic value of the Koret CT score in dogs following traumatic brain injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common condition in veterinary medicine with relatively high mortality rate. Recently, a study that correlated abnormal computed tomography (CT) findings with outcome in dogs with head trauma established a prognostic scoring system termed Koret CT score (KCTS). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the KCTS in making short- and long-term prognosis in dogs presented within 72 h of TBI.

Serum Concentrations of Neuron-Specific Enolase in Dogs Following Traumatic Brain Injury.

The ability to make an accurate prognosis, which is a prerequisite for treatment decisions, is very limited in dogs with traumatic brain injury (TBI). To determine whether serum concentrations of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) have prognostic value in dogs following TBI, we conducted a prospective, observational, controlled clinical study in an intensive care unit of a university teaching hospital. The study population comprised 24 dogs admitted to the hospital within 72 h of a known event of TBI between January 2010 and January 2015, as well as 25 control healthy shelter dogs admitted for elective neutering.

Multiplexing rhythmic information by spike timing dependent plasticity.

Rhythmic activity has been associated with a wide range of cognitive processes including the encoding of sensory information, navigation, the transfer of information and others. Rhythmic activity in the brain has also been suggested to be used for multiplexing information. Multiplexing is the ability to transmit more than one signal via the same channel.

A Rapid and Efficient Building Block Approach for Click Cyclization of Peptoids.

Cyclic peptide-peptoid hybrids possess improved stability and selectivity over linear peptides and are thus better drug candidates. However, their synthesis is far from trivial and is usually difficult to automate. Here we describe a new rapid and efficient approach for the synthesis of click-based cyclic peptide-peptoid hybrids.

Paroxysmal slow cortical activity in Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy is associated with blood-brain barrier dysfunction.

A growing body of evidence shows that epileptic activity is frequent but often undiagnosed in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and has major therapeutic implications. Here, we analyzed electroencephalogram (EEG) data from patients with AD and found an EEG signature of transient slowing of the cortical network that we termed paroxysmal slow wave events (PSWEs). The occurrence per minute of the PSWEs was correlated with level of cognitive impairment.

Theories of rhythmogenesis.

Rhythmogenesis is the process that develops the capacity for rhythmic activity in a non-rhythmic system. Theoretical works suggested a wide array of possible mechanisms for rhythmogenesis ranging from the regulation of cellular properties to top-down control. Here we discuss theories of rhythmogenesis with an emphasis on spike timing-dependent plasticity.

Detection of Intraspinal Spirocerca lupi in Canine Cerebrospinal Fluid by Polymerase Chain Reaction.

Aberrant migration of Spirocerca lupi into the spinal cord is an important cause of severe progressive neurological dysfunction in dogs. Although early diagnosis is essential to prevent deterioration, ante-mortem diagnosis of this condition remains challenging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the detection of the 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) S.

Blood-brain barrier dysfunction in canine epileptic seizures detected by dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.

Objective: Dogs with spontaneous or acquired epilepsy exhibit resemblance in etiology and disease course to humans, potentially offering a translational model of the human disease. Blood-brain barrier dysfunction (BBBD) has been shown to partake in epileptogenesis in experimental models of epilepsy. To test the hypothesis that BBBD can be detected in dogs with naturally occurring seizures, we developed a linear dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) analysis algorithm that was validated in clinical cases of seizing dogs and experimental epileptic rats.

Minute-to-minute urine flow rate variability: a retrospective survey of its ability to provide early warning of acute hypotension in critically ill multiple trauma patients.

Purpose: Dynamic changes in urine output and neurological status are the recognized clinical signs of hemodynamically significant hemorrhage. In the present study, we analyzed the dynamic minute-to-minute changes in the UFR and also the changes in its minute-to-minute variability in a group of critically ill multiple trauma patients whose blood pressures were normal on admission to the ICU but who subsequently developed hypotension within the first few hours of their ICU admission.

Patients And Methods: The study was retrospective and observational.

Rhythmogenesis evolves as a consequence of long-term plasticity of inhibitory synapses.

Brain rhythms are widely believed to reflect numerous cognitive processes. Changes in rhythmicity have been associated with pathological states. However, the mechanism underlying these rhythms remains unknown.

Electricity: How Much for the Contemporary Tertiary Care Operating Room? A Case Report.

Surgery requires many electrically driven devices. Three events occurred recently in an operating room (OR) suite circa the 1980s wherein circuit breakers tripped due to overloaded circuits. This led to us to (1) increase OR electric capacity; (2) record each instrument's power requirements, map their OR location, and determine when during surgery they were used; (3) provide users with instruction and diagrams into which outlet to plug each instrument.

Clinical characteristics of Spirocerca lupi migration in the spinal cord.

Spirocerca lupi is a nematode infecting dogs mostly in tropical and subtropical areas. Although its typical target is the esophageal wall, aberrant migration is not uncommon, including migration of unknown incidence into the spinal cord. While successful treatment of intraspinal S.