Distinct amino acid substitutions in the EEV glycoprotein and DNA-dependent RNA polymerase of lumpy skin disease virus identified in wetland areas of Bangladesh.

The recent outbreak of lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) in the wetland areas of Bangladesh presents a significant concern for both animal health and regional biosecurity. Epidemiological investigations into nine major outbreaks in the wetland areas revealed distinctive clinical symptoms in affected cattle, including elevated body temperature, excessive salivation, and the presence of skin nodules. Histopathological examination unveiled larger nodules compared to previous outbreaks, along with signs of secondary infection.

Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Variants Are Induced by Coinfections With Dengue.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that emerged in late 2019 has accumulated a series of point mutations and evolved into several variants of concern (VOCs), some of which are more transmissible and potentially more severe than the original strain. The most notable VOCs are Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron, which have spread to various parts of the world. This study conducted surveillance in Jashore, Bangladesh to identify the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 coinfected with dengue virus and their genomic effect on the emergence of VOCs.

Development of recombinant proteins for vaccine candidates against serotypes O and A of Foot-and-Mouth Disease virus in Bangladesh.

Frequent vaccine failure leading to recurrent outbreaks of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) in livestock populations necessitates the development of a customizable vaccine platform comprising potential antigenic determinants of circulating lineages of FMD viruses. Artificially designed, chimaeric protein-based recombinant vaccines are novel approaches to combat the phylogenetically diverse FMD Virus (FMDV) strains. Among seven recognized serotypes, only serotypes O and A are dominantly circulating in Bangladesh and neighbouring countries of Asia, where transboundary transmission, recurrent outbreaks and emergence of novel lineages of FMDV are highly prevalent.

Soil bacteriome diversity and composition of rooftop and surface gardens in urban and peri-urban areas of Bangladesh.

Soil microbiome science, rapidly evolving, predominantly focuses on field crop soils. However, understanding garden soil microbiomes is essential for enhancing food production sustainability in garden environments. This study aimed to unveil the bacteriome diversity and composition in rooftop garden soils (RGS) and surface garden soils (SGS) across urban (Dhaka North and Dhaka South City Corporations) and peri-urban (Gazipur City Corporation) areas of Dhaka Division, Bangladesh.

Unveiling the gut bacteriome diversity and distribution in the national fish hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha) of Bangladesh.

The field of fish microbiome research has rapidly been advancing, primarily focusing on farmed or laboratory fish species rather than natural or marine fish populations. This study sought to reveal the distinctive gut bacteriome composition and diversity within the anadromous fish species Tenualosa ilisha (hilsa), which holds the status of being the national fish of Bangladesh. We conducted an analysis on 15 gut samples obtained from 15 individual hilsa fishes collected from three primary habitats (e.

Alternative genome sequencing approaches of SARS-CoV-2 using Ion AmpliSeq Technology.

A thorough understanding of SARS-CoV-2 genetic features is compulsory to track the ongoing pandemic across multiple geographical locations of the world. Thermo Fisher Scientific USA has developed the Ion AmpliSeq SARS-CoV-2 Research Panel for the targeted sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 complete genome with high coverage and lower error rate. In this study an alternative approach of complete genome sequencing has been validated using different commercial sequencing kits to sequence the SARS-CoV-2.

Phylogenetic diversity and functional potential of large and cell-associated viruses in the Bay of Bengal.

The BoB, the world's largest bay, is of significant economic importance to surrounding countries, particularly Bangladesh, which heavily relies on its coastal resources. Concurrently, the BoB holds substantial ecological relevance due to the region's high vulnerability to climate change-induced impacts. Yet, our understanding of the BoB's microbiome in relation to marine food web and biogeochemical cycling remains limited.

Metagenomic and culture-dependent approaches unveil active microbial community and novel functional genes involved in arsenic mobilization and detoxification in groundwater.

Background: Arsenic (As) and its species are major pollutants in ecological bodied including groundwater in Bangladesh rendering serious public health concern. Bacteria with arsenotrophic genes have been found in the aquifer, converting toxic arsenite [As (III)] to less toxic arsenate [As (V)] that is easily removed using chemical and biological trappers. In this study, genomic and metagenomic approaches parallel to culture-based assay (Graphical abstract) have made it possible to decipher phylogenetic diversity of groundwater arsenotrophic microbiomes along with elucidation of their genetic determinants.

Comparative phylogenetic analysis and transcriptomic profiling of Dengue (DENV-3 genotype I) outbreak in 2021 in Bangladesh.

Background: The next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology facilitates in-depth study of host-pathogen metatranscriptome. We, therefore, implicated phylodynamic and transcriptomic approaches through NGS technology to know/understand the dengue virus (DENV) origin and host response with dengue fever.

Methods: In this study, blood serum RNA was extracted from 21 dengue patients and 3 healthy individuals.

Temporal dynamics and fatality of SARS-CoV-2 variants in Bangladesh.

Background And Aims: Since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, multiple new variants have emerged posing an increased risk to global public health. This study aimed to investigate SARS-CoV-2 variants, their temporal dynamics, infection rate (IFR) and case fatality rate (CFR) in Bangladesh by analyzing the published genomes.

Methods: We retrieved 6610 complete whole genome sequences of the SARS-CoV-2 from the GISAID (Global Initiative on Sharing all Influenza Data) platform from March 2020 to October 2022, and performed different in-silico bioinformatics analyses.

SARS-CoV-2 infection alters the gut microbiome in diabetes patients: A cross-sectional study from Bangladesh.

Populations of different South Asian nations including Bangladesh reportedly have a high risk of developing diabetes in recent years. This study aimed to investigate the differences in the gut microbiome of COVID-19-positive participants with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) compared with healthy control subjects. Microbiome data of 30 participants with T2DM were compared with 22 age-, sex-, and body mass index (BMI)-matched individuals.

Transcriptome analysis reveals increased abundance and diversity of opportunistic fungal pathogens in nasopharyngeal tract of COVID-19 patients.

We previously reported that SARS-CoV-2 infection reduces human nasopharyngeal commensal microbiomes (bacteria, archaea and commensal respiratory viruses) with inclusion of pathobionts. This study aimed to assess the possible changes in the abundance and diversity of resident mycobiome in the nasopharyngeal tract (NT) of humans due to SARS-CoV-2 infections. Twenty-two (n = 22) nasopharyngeal swab samples (including COVID-19 = 8, Recovered = 7, and Healthy = 7) were collected for RNA-sequencing followed by taxonomic profiling of mycobiome.

Genomic analysis and in vivo efficacy of Pediococcus acidilactici as a potential probiotic to prevent hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia and gastrointestinal infections.

Lactic acid bacteria are the well acknowledged probiotics that can cure a variety of diseases. In this study, we observed the in vivo potentials of Pediococcus to treat hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia and gastrointestinal infections. A total of 77 Lactobacillus were isolated from the milk of 10 cows and 10 goats, four of those strains inhibited both carbohydrates-hydrolyzing enzymes, α-glucosidase, and α-amylase.

Microbiome analysis revealing microbial interactions and secondary bacterial infections in COVID-19 patients comorbidly affected by Type 2 diabetes.

The mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease is very high among the elderly or individuals having comorbidities such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, lung infections, hypertension, and/or diabetes. Our study characterizes the metagenomic features in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected patients with or without type 2 diabetes, to identify the microbial interactions associated with its fatal consequences.This study compared the baseline nasopharyngeal microbiome of SARS-CoV-2-infected diabetic and nondiabetic patients with controls adjusted for age and gender.

Induction of mastitis by cow-to-mouse fecal and milk microbiota transplantation causes microbiome dysbiosis and genomic functional perturbation in mice.

Background: Mastitis pathogenesis involves a wide range of opportunistic and apparently resident microorganims including bacteria, viruses and archaea. In dairy animals, microbes reside in the host, interact with environment and evade the host immune system, providing a potential for host-tropism to favor mastitis pathogenesis. To understand the host-tropism phenomena of bovine-tropic mastitis microbiomes, we developed a cow-to-mouse mastitis model.

Genomic characteristics, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli MTR_BAU02 strain isolated from layer farm in Bangladesh.

Background: Colibacillosis, caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), is one of the most significant infectious diseases affecting poultry worldwide.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the genomic diversity, virulence factor genes (VFGs), and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in the APEC MTR_BAU02 strain isolated from a layer chicken using whole-genome sequencing (WGS).

Methods: Paired-end (2 × 250) WGS was performed using Illumina MiSeq sequencer (Illumina, San Diego, CA) and de novo assembly was performed using SPAdes.

In Silico Identification and Characterization of a Hypothetical Protein From Revealing S-Adenosylmethionine-Dependent Methyltransferase Activity.

is a purple non-sulfur bacteria widely used as a model organism to study bacterial photosynthesis. It exhibits extensive metabolic activities and demonstrates other distinctive characteristics such as pleomorphism and nitrogen-fixing capability. It can act as a gene transfer agent (GTA).

Genomic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern identified from the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 immunized patients from Southwest part of Bangladesh.

Background: Bangladesh introduced ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 since February, 2021 and in six months, only a small population (12.8%) received either one or two dose of vaccination like other low-income countries. The COVID-19 infections were continued to roll all over the places although the information on genomic variations of SARS-CoV-2 between both immunized and unimmunized group was unavailable.

Genomic characterization of the dominating Beta, V2 variant carrying vaccinated (Oxford-AstraZeneca) and nonvaccinated COVID-19 patient samples in Bangladesh: A metagenomics and whole-genome approach.

Bangladesh is experiencing a second wave of COVID-19 since March 2021, despite the nationwide vaccination drive with ChAdOx1 (Oxford-AstraZeneca) vaccine from early February 2021. Here, we characterized 19 nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) samples from COVID-19 suspect patients using genomic and metagenomic approaches. Screening for SARS-CoV-2 by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and metagenomic sequencing revealed 17 samples of COVID-19 positive (vaccinated = 10, nonvaccinated = 7) and 2 samples of COVID-19 negative.

SARS-CoV-2 infection reduces human nasopharyngeal commensal microbiome with inclusion of pathobionts.

The microbiota of the nasopharyngeal tract (NT) play a role in host immunity against respiratory infectious diseases. However, scant information is available on interactions of SARS-CoV-2 with the nasopharyngeal microbiome. This study characterizes the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on human nasopharyngeal microbiomes and their relevant metabolic functions.

First report from Bangladesh on genetic diversity of multidrug-resistant type B:2 in fowl cholera.

Background And Aim: Fowl cholera (FC) caused by is a highly contagious bacterial disease of global importance for poultry production. The severity and incidence of FC caused by may vary considerably depending on several factors associated with the host (including species and age of infected birds), the environment, and the bacterial strain. This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of multidrug-resistant strains isolated from FC outbreaks in laying hens from commercial farms of Bangladesh.