Optimizing in vitro lung cancer therapy with folate-conjugated polydopamine-coated liposomes loaded with gemcitabine.

Purpose: Surface-altered, targeted nanocarriers play crucial roles in chemotherapy. Incorporating ligands into polymers may alter their chemical composition, potentially compromising their drug storage and encapsulation capacity. Polydopamine (PDA) is a novel, biocompatible, and versatile agent for producing targeted nanoparticles that serve as a base for conjugating specific ligands to non-reactive polymeric nanocarriers.