The brown algae: Sargassum binderi sonder shows a potential nephroprotective activity in in-vivo experimental model.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the protective activity of brown seaweed, the ethanolic and water extracts of Sargassum binderi (S. binderi) were examined. Anticancer drug, cisplatin is normally used for the treatment of solid tumors that cause acute kidney damage after assemblage in the renal tubules.

Analyzing molecular signatures in preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction: Identifying key genes, pathways, and therapeutic targets for preterm birth.

Background: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and preeclampsia (PE) are intricately linked with specific maternal health conditions, exhibit shared placental abnormalities, and play pivotal roles in precipitating preterm birth (PTB) incidences. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the association between PE and IUGR has not been determined. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the data of females with PE and those with PE + IUGR to identify the key gene(s), their molecular pathways, and potential therapeutic interactions.

Understanding the impact of structural modifications at the NNAT gene's post-translational acetylation site: in silico approach for predicting its drug-interaction role in anorexia nervosa.

Purpose: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a neuropsychological public health concern with a socially disabling routine and affects a person's healthy relationship with food. The role of the NNAT (Neuronatin) gene in AN is well established. The impact of mutation at the protein's post-translational modification (PTM) site has been exclusively associated with the worsening of the protein's biochemical dynamics.

Genetic insights into obesity: identification of pathogenic SNPs in gene and their structural molecular dynamics consequences.

Membrane Bound O-Acyltransferase Domain-Containing 4 (MBOAT4) protein catalyzes ghrelin acylation, leading to prominent ghrelin activity, hence characterizing its role as an anti-obesity target. We extracted 625 exonic SNPs from the ENSEMBL database and one phenotype-based missense mutation associated with obesity (A46T) from the HGMD (Human Gene Mutation Database). These were differentiated on deleterious missense SNPs of the gene through MAF (minor allele frequency: <0.

In Silico Characterization of Bioactive Compounds as Potential Inhibitors of Hydroxymethylglutaryl (HMG-CoA) Reductase of .

Hypercholesterolemia is a mediator for the etiology of cardiovascular diseases, which are characterized as the global leading cause of mortality. We aimed to investigate the inhibitory activity of compounds against 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase () of using an extensive in silico approach. The 3D structure of the protein is not yet known, so we performed the homology modeling using MODELLER and SWISS-MODEL tools, followed with structural validation and assessment.

a green alga, attenuates the kidney and liver dysfunctions in rats induced by acetaminophen.

Acetaminophen (AAP) is an analgesic-antipyretic drug which is considered safe at recommended dose, but its overuse may induce renal and hepatic injuries. Marine macro algae have great potential against drug-induced renal and hepatic dysfunctions. The present study described the reno-protective and hepato-protective effects of the ethanol extract of an edible green alga and its fractions (n-hexane, chloroform and methanol) against AAP toxicity.

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Centratherum anthelminticum (L.) Kuntze seed oil in diabetic nephropathy via modulation of Nrf-2/HO-1 and NF-κB pathway.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) approximately constitutes 90% of the reported cases. 30-40% of diabetics eventually develop diabetic nephropathy (DN); accounting for one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality. Increased glucose autoxidation and non-enzymatic glycation of proteins in diabetic kidneys lead to the excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that results in lipid peroxidation and activation of inflammatory mediators which overwhelms the scavenging capacity of the antioxidant defense system (Nrf2/Keap1/HO-1).

Protective role of Avena fatua against drug-induced liver toxicity.

The study was conducted to examine the protective potential of ethanol seed extract (ESEt) of Avena fatua (wild oats) against antituberculosis drug (ATD)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Four groups of rats (n=6) were used. Of which, three groups were given ATD (Rimstar 900mg/15kg) and divided them into hepatotoxic control (distilled water 1mL/kg), positive control (silymarin 200mg/kg) and test group (ESEt 800mg/kg).

In silico identification of the rare-coding pathogenic mutations and structural modeling of human NNAT gene associated with anorexia nervosa.

Purpose: Increased susceptibility towards anorexia nervosa (AN) was reported with reduced levels of neuronatin (NNAT) gene. We sought to investigate the most pathogenic rare-coding missense mutations, non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) of NNAT and their potential damaging impact on protein function through transcript level sequence and structure based in silico approaches.

Methods: Gene sequence, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of NNAT was retrieved from public databases and the putative post-translational modification (PTM) sites were analyzed.

Ameliorative Effect of Marine Macroalgae on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatic Fibrosis and Associated Complications in Rats.

Objectives: Liver fibrosis is one of the serious health concern around the globe. Persistent exposure to drugs, toxicants, and pathogens may induce liver fibrosis. Marine macroalgae are globally consumed because of nutritive and medicinal value.

Ameliorative effect of Spatoglossum asperum and its solvent fractions against acetaminophen-induced liver dysfunction in rats.

Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely consumed drug for pain management and treatment of pyrexia. However, beyond its recommended dose, it becomes harmful for health and may induce acute liver dysfunction. Current work is designed to ameliorate the APAP induced liver toxicity which was induced in rats by giving intra-peritoneal injection of APAP (800mg/kg) dissolved in 40% polyethylene glycol at day 1 and day 14.

Antioxidant and haematinic effects of methanolic and aqueous methanolic roots extracts of Rauwolfia serpentina Benth in type 2 diabetic mice.

Present investigation was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant and haematinic effects of methanolic (MREt) and aqueous methanolic (AqMREt) root extracts of R. serpentina in mice model of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Experimental mice were divided into nine groups (six per group) as: fructose-induced (T2D) diabetic group (distilled water 1ml/kg), negative control (0.

investigation on alkaloids of as potential inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase.

Present work aimed to investigate the activity of the alkaloids of roots of as inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR). For this purpose, the three-dimensional (3D) structure of the protein HMGCR (PDB ID: 1HW9) was downloaded from Protein Data Bank (PDB) database, as a target enzyme. The structures of twelve alkaloids from the roots of were selected as ligands and docked with the selected HMGCR enzyme using Molegro Virtual Docker (MVD) software.

Changing trends of anaemia prevalence among female medical students in a metropolitan setting: Assessment through self-grading and haematological parameters.

Objective: To determine the trend of anaemia prevalence among female medical students (FMS) through self-grading along haematological parameters and its association with their nutritional indicators.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a public sector health university of Karachi among FMS from April to September 2016. After written informed consent, 216 FMS were assessed for height and weight, for nutrition habits by calculating minimum dietary diversity for women (MDD-W) and anaemia status by self-administered validated self-grading anaemia assessment questionnaire (SGAAQ).

Vitamin D and bone metabolism in breast cancer patients in Karachi, Pakistan.

Breast cancer is one of the common types of malignancy worldwide and in Pakistan. The heterogeneous disease itself and its complex treatment leads to various bone-affecting complications that make breast cancer patients more vulnerable to bone fractures. Vitamin D deficiency among these women worsens the condition and promotes breast cancer growth.

Presence of gallic acid and rutin improve the hepatoprotective strength of Withania coagulans.

Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is one of the chemicals used in industry reported to accelerate the risk of liver diseases in workers especially in developing countries, if it is not handled carefully. Therefore, the present study conducted to evaluate the liver protective and oxidative stress reducing activities of methanolic (MFEt) and aqueous methanolic fruits (AqMFEt) extracts of Withania coagulans against CCl4-induced liver damage in rats. These fruits extracts in oral doses of 800 mg/kg were found effective in their respective test groups in decreasing weight loss, maintaining hepatic membrane integrity, biosynthetic and conjugative abilities by improving liver and bile duct specific enzymes (alanine and aspartate transferases, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyltranstransferase), total protein and bilirubin profiles, uric acid levels plus uplifting the efficacy of hepatic antioxidant enzymes and protein by minimizing lipid peroxidation.

Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities of crude seeds of Centratherum anthelminticum in healthy volunteers and type 2 diabetic patients.

This study first time reports the hypoglycaemic activity of crude seeds powder (CSP) of Centratherum anthelminticum in healthy and type 2 diabetic volunteers. In addition, hypolipidemic effect of same CSP was also determined in healthy volunteers. Healthy individuals were divided into control and two test groups T1 and T2 treated with 200 & 400mg of CSP.

Ethanolic seeds extract of Centratherum anthelminticum reduces oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes.

This work was accomplished to assess the in-vitro antiglycation and antioxidant activities of ethanolic seeds extract of Centratherum anthelminticum (CSEt), followed by its in-vivo examination in type 2 diabetes. Overnight fasted rabbits were divided into control and diabetic groups. Rabbits in diabetic group were fed with 35% fructose solution to develop hyperglycemia that was well-monitored by glucometer.

Ameliorative effect of hydro-methanolic extract from roots of Rauwolfia serpentina on some biochemical parameters of type 1 diabetic mice.

Present work seeks to investigate the biochemical parameters in terms of hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of hydro-methanolic roots extract (HyMREt) of Rauwolfia serpentina in type 1 (alloxan induced) diabetic mice. Animals were divided into seven groups, four control groups, and three were test groups (HyMREt at 50, 100, & 150mg/kg). Each treatment was repeated for 14 days regularly in all seven respective groups and afterwards the body weights, fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin, and serum lipid levels were determined.

Rauwolfia serpentina improves altered glucose and lipid homeostasis in fructose-induced type 2 diabetic mice.

Rauwolfia serpentina is well-reported in traditional medicines for the treatment of hypertensive and neurological disorders. However, its antidiabetic potential has been currently described in both alloxan-treated and normoglycemic mice. Present effort was carried out to investigate the effect of methanol root extract (MREt) of R.

Methanolic Root Extract of Rauwolfia serpentina Benth Improves the Glycemic, Antiatherogenic, and Cardioprotective Indices in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Mice.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the phytochemistry and the effect of methanolic root extract (MREt) of Rauwolfia serpentina on alloxan-induced diabetic Wister male mice. Mice were divided in control (distilled water at 1 mL/kg) and alloxan-induced diabetic mice which subdivided into diabetic (distilled water at 1 mL/kg), negative (0.05% dimethyl sulfoxide at 1 mL/kg), positive (glibenclamide at 5 mg/kg) controls, and three test groups (MREt at 10, 30, and 60 mg/kg).