Analgesic efficacy of erector spinae plane block versus transversus abdominis plane block for laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trial.

Background: Although laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is a minimally invasive surgery, it can cause moderate to severe postoperative pain. Erector spinae plane (ESP) and transversus abdominis plane (TAP) blocks are considered effective means for pain management in such cases; however, there is inconclusive evidence regarding their analgesic efficacy. This meta-analysis aimed to compare the efficacy of ESP block and TAP block for pain control in LC.

Existence of cholera outbreak, challenges, and way forward on public health interventions to control cholera outbreak in Guraghe Zones, southern Ethiopia, 2023.

Introduction: In Ethiopia, despite major improvements seen in health service delivery system, the country continues to be significantly affected by cholera outbreaks. Cholera remains a significant public health problem among the vulnerable populations living in many resource-limited settings with poor access to safe and clean water and hygiene practices. Recurring cholera outbreaks are an indication of deprived water and sanitation conditions as well as weak health systems, contributing to the transmission and spread of the cholera infection.