Ceftazidime-Avibactam Treatment for Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacterales in a South African Children's Hospital.

This study describes ceftazidime-avibactam use in 17 young children from a resource-constrained country, where intra-abdominal infection was common. All-cause mortality was 53%. Earlier initiation, dose optimization, recording infusion times, and reviewing the need for additional antibiotics were identified as easy-to-implement-antimicrobial-stewardship interventions.

Outcomes Following Neonatal Cardiac Surgery in Cape Town, South Africa.

Background: Neonatal Cardiac Surgery has developed significantly since its advent, with improved outcomes, survival, and physiological repair. Limited programs offer neonatal cardiac surgery in emerging economies. We report our experience with neonates undergoing cardiac surgery in our cardiac surgery program.

Dialysis for paediatric acute kidney injury in Cape Town, South Africa.

Background: Dialysis is lifesaving for acute kidney injury (AKI), but access is poor in less resourced settings. A "peritoneal dialysis (PD) first" policy for paediatric AKI is more feasible than haemodialysis in low-resource settings.

Methods: Retrospective review of modalities and outcomes of children dialysed acutely at Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital between 1998 and 2020.

Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in South African PICUs: A Multisite Point-Prevalence Study.

Objectives: To describe the prevalence of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (pARDS) and the characteristics of children with pARDS in South African PICUs.

Design: Observational multicenter, cross-sectional point-prevalence study.

Setting: Eight PICUs in four South African provinces.

The impact of COVID-19 on a South African pediatric cardiac service: implications and insights into service capacity.

Background And Objectives: The Western Cape public pediatric cardiac service is under-resourced. COVID-19 regulations are likely to have long-term effects on patient care but may provide insight into service capacity requirements. As such, we aimed to quantify the impact of COVID-19 regulations on this service.

Prevalence and Incidence of Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in a Tertiary Academic PICU in South Africa.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence and incidence of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (pARDS) among infants and children admitted to the PICU.

Design: A single-center descriptive point prevalence study with twice weekly data collection over a 6 months (August 2020 to February 12, 2021).

Setting: Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.

Cerebrovascular Pressure Reactivity Has a Strong and Independent Association With Outcome in Children With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objectives: To examine cerebrovascular pressure reactivity index (PRx) in a large cohort of children with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) in association with physiologic variables and outcome.

Design: Retrospective observational cohort study.

Setting: Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital in Cape Town, South Africa.

Candida bloodstream infection among children hospitalised in three public-sector hospitals in the Metro West region of Cape Town, South Africa.

Background: Candida bloodstream infection (BSI) causes appreciable mortality in neonates and children. There are few studies describing the epidemiology of Candida BSI in children living in sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted at three public sector hospitals in Cape Town, South Africa.

Pediatric Index of Mortality 3-An Evaluation of Function Among ICUs In South Africa.

Objectives: To evaluate the performance of the Pediatric Index of Mortality 3 as mortality risk assessment model.

Design: This prospective study included all admissions 30 days to 18 years old for 12 months during 2016 and 2017. Data gathered included the following: age and gender, diagnosis and reason for PICU admission, data specific for the Pediatric Index of Mortality 3 calculation, PICU outcomes (death or survival), and length of PICU stay.

Brain interstitial glycerol correlates with evolving brain injury in paediatric traumatic brain injury.

Purpose: A better understanding of the complex pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is needed to improve our current therapies. Cerebral microdialysis (CMD) is an advanced method to monitor the brain, but little is known about its parameters in children. Brain glycerol, one of the CMD variables, is an essential component of the phospholipid bilayer cell membrane and is considered a useful marker of tissue hypoxia in adults.

Fluid overload in a South African pediatric intensive care unit.

Objective: Fluid resuscitation is integral to resuscitation guidelines and critical care. However, fluid overload (FO) yields increased morbidity.

Methods: Prospective observational study of Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital pediatric intensive care unit admissions (February to March 2013).

Pediatric intensive care in South Africa: an account of making optimum use of limited resources at the Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital*.

Objective: To develop explicit criteria for patient admission in order to optimize utilization of PICU facilities in the face of increasing demand outstripping resources.

Setting: Multidisciplinary PICU in a university-affiliated referral hospital in Cape Town, South Africa.

Design: Retrospective description of policy development and implementation

Patients: All patients referred to the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit of the Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital.

The lactate:pyruvate ratio following open cardiac surgery in children.

Objective: To explore the relationship between lactate:pyruvate ratio, hyperlactataemia, metabolic acidosis, and morbidity.

Design And Setting: Prospective observational study in the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of a university hospital.

Patients: Ninety-seven children after open cardiac surgery.