Allergen Immunotherapy in Autoimmune Terrain: A Case Study.

Allergen immunotherapy (AIT), or specific immunotherapy (SIT), is an effective treatment for inducing immune tolerance to specific allergens. It is widely used for allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, asthma, and Hymenoptera venom allergies, with recent applications to food allergies and atopic dermatitis. Despite its benefits, the use of SIT in patients with autoimmune diseases is controversial due to concerns about its potential to induce or exacerbate autoimmune conditions.

Polypharmacy and self-medication among older adults in Indian urban communities-a cross-sectional study.

Older adults are vulnerable to unsafe medication practices. This cross-sectional study estimated the prevalence and factors of polypharmacy and self-medication among 600 older adults from six Indian cities. The updated Screening Tool of Older Persons' Prescriptions and Screening Tool to Alert to Right Treatment criteria (version 3) were used.

Two Concerns and A Single Solution in Managing Type 2 Diabetes: A Narrative Review on Imeglimin.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) presents a formidable challenge to healthcare, with rising prevalence and complex pathogenesis involving beta-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. Imeglimin, the progenitor of the "glimins" class, emerges as a multifaceted agent capable of attenuating beta-cell apoptosis, reducing hepatic gluconeogenesis, and augmenting muscular glucose uptake. This positions it as a promising solution for T2D management, especially for patients inadequately controlled by current therapies.

Blue Index as a Comprehensive, Patient-centered Assessment of Care in Diabetic Patients.

Background: Assessment of diabetes health takes into account metabolic, nonmetabolic, and self-care measures like diet, exercise, follow-up, and habits. On the other hand, the index of complications includes the macro- and microvascular complications of diabetes along with foot complications. The Blue Index (BI) is a composite assessment of both diabetic health-related parameters and systemic complications stemming from diabetes.

Digital Twin in Managing Hypertension Among People With Type 2 Diabetes: 1-Year Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Digital twin (DT)-guided lifestyle changes induce type 2 diabetes (T2D) remission but effects on hypertension (HTN) in this population are unknown.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess effects of DT vs standard of care (SC) on blood pressure (BP), anti-HTN medication, HTN remission, and microalbuminuria in participants with T2D.

Methods: This is a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial in India of 319 participants with T2D.

An insight into the updated pharmacotherapy of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) or metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) in lean individuals: a review.

Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) or metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) in lean individuals represents a distinctive subset of MASH. Current pharmacotherapies, for MASH as demonstrated in clinical trials, predominantly target obese patients with limited consideration for lean MASH. We aimed to systematically review the literature on the pharmacotherapy of lean MASH.

Dual effects of dulaglutide on glycemic control and knee osteoarthritis pain in elderly patients with Type 2 diabetes.

This study aims to evaluate the dual benefits of dulaglutide in improving glycemic control and reducing knee OA pain. Elderly T2DM patients diagnosed with bilateral knee OA on conventional OA treatment for at least 3 months were studied for their glycemic metrics, OA pain scores and NSAID consumption at baseline, 3 months and 6 months. Significant improvements in glycemic control were observed, HbA1c decreased from 8.

Management of Hypertension in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Indian Guideline 2024 by Association of Physicians of India and Indian College of Physicians.

In India and the Southeast Asian population, hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are the leading lifestyle-related diseases, responsible for a majority burden of morbidity and mortality. Multiple population-spanning studies have revealed the staggering prevalence of both diseases in India, and the prevalence of both will only increase further due to factors such as an aging population, rapid urbanization, increased obesity, and sedentary lifestyles. More than 50 percent of hypertensive patients in India are also diagnosed with T2DM, and a detailed management protocol for the same is required, especially when a major portion of the disease is managed at the primary care level.

Effect of α-blockers on Handgrip Test Response of Diastolic Blood Pressure in Hypertensive, Benign Hypertrophy of Prostate Patients in a Therapeutics Clinic, Kolkata: A Cross-sectional Study.

Background: The isometric handgrip (IHG) test is commonly used to detect sympathetic autonomic dysfunction. Tamsulosin, approved for the management of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), acts as an antagonist for α1-adrenergic receptors (α1-AR), whereas prazosin, an α receptor blocker, being less selective than tamsulosin, is used as an antihypertensive agent clinically. Our objective was to investigate if there is a distinction in blood pressure (BP) increase during IHG exercise between individuals with essential hypertension taking tamsulosin compared to those taking prazosin.

The Promise of Cilnidipine in Hypertension with Comorbidities: National Consensus Statement: National Consensus Group Comprises Cardiologists, Nephrologists, and Diabetologists from India in a National Meet at New Delhi held on 22 May 2022.

The rapidly increasing burden of hypertension is responsible for premature deaths from cardiovascular disease (CVD), renal disease, and stroke, with a tremendous public health and financial burden. Hypertension detection, treatment, and control vary worldwide; it is still low, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). High blood pressure (BP) and CVD risk have a strong, linear, and independent association.

Vonoprazan causes symptomatic improvement in non-erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of vonoprazan therapy as compared to conventional proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) or no vonoprazan for non-erosive esophagitis.

Methods: A thorough search was conducted across databases. The primary outcome was to determine the mean variance in the gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) score after vonoprazan treatment.

Efficacy and safety of cangrelor as compared to ticagrelor in patients with ST-elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI): a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of cangrelor as compared to ticagrelor in patients with ST-elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) who underwent percutaneous intervention.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane CENTRAL, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched for relevant head-on-comparison or swapping studies.

Real-world Clinical Effectiveness on Glycaemic Parameters, Safety and Additional Benefits of Glargine U300 (Toujeo®) Initiation after Oral Antidiabetic Drug Failure in Insulin-naïve Patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: Several studies have proved the advantages of second-generation insulin analogs in lowering intra-individual variability in plasma insulin levels, flexibility in dosing, a sustained glucose-lowering effect, and decreasing the risk of hypoglycemia. Glargine 300 is one of the newer second-generation basal insulin analogs to have been approved for both type 1 and 2 diabetes. The present study aims to assess the real-world clinical effectiveness and safety of Glargine U300 (Toujeo®) initiation after oral antidiabetic drug failure in insulin-naïve patients with T2DM.

Role of semaglutide in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aim: This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 24 weeks of semaglutide treatment in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).

Methods: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched for relevant studies.

Effects of saroglitazar in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aim: This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 4 mg saroglitazar treatment in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).

Methods: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL, medRxiv (pre-print), bioRxiv (pre-print), and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched for relevant studies.

The Power and Promise of Angiotensin Receptor Neprilysin Inhibitor (ARNI) in Heart Failure Management: National Consensus Statement.

;Heart failure (HF) is a huge global public health task due to morbidity, mortality, disturbed quality of life, and major economic burden. It is an area of active research and newer treatment strategies are evolving. Recently angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI), a class of drugs (the first agent in this class, Sacubitril-Valsartan), reduces cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in chronic HF patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).

Effectiveness of budesonide formoterol fixed-dose combination MDI in reducing cough symptoms in COVID-19 patients: A real-world evidence study.

Background: Cough is a wearisome and exasperating symptom affecting the daily life of the infected patient. Cough due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes excessive morbidity in human populations globally. Apart from the morbidity associated with cough, it also enhances the transmission of this viral infection through droplets.