Suspected NUT carcinoma progressing on pembrolizumab, carboplatin, and paclitaxel as first-line treatment: a case report.

Introduction And Importance: NUT carcinoma of the thorax is an extremely rare neoplasm characterized by a translocation between the NUT M1 gene and members of the bromodomain genetic family. Due to the rarity of the neoplasm, standardized treatment guidelines have not yet been established. Several chemotherapeutic agents have been used with limited success, due to the rapid development of resistance to treatment.

Role of three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography in cardiac myxomas: an imaging challenge.

Nowadays, the diagnosis of cardiac myxomas (CM), particularly the histological types, remains a challenge. Two-dimensional (2D) transthoracic (TT) and transesophageal (TEE)  echocardiography (ECHO) represent the first steps in the imaging pathway. 3D ECHO,  implemented in imaging practice, appears to be an emerging diagnostic technique that overcomes some of the limitations of 2D ECHO while integrating the information provided by magnetic resonance (MRI).

A Ping Pong Ball in the Left Ventricle.

Diagnosing cardiac masses, especially those related to cardiac tumors, is often challenging in clinical practice. Though myxomas are the most common and well-known benign cardiac tumors, other rare and often-neglected tumors can be difficult to diagnose. In this case report, the authors describe a left ventricular cardiac mass with unique and striking imaging features.

Castleman disease: a case report of an unusual adrenal incidentaloma and literature review.

Adrenal incidentaloma (AI) is an incidental detection of an adrenal mass on an image not performed for a suspected adrenal problem. AI has become a commonly encountered lesion that requires further investigations for evidence of hormonal hypersecretion or malignancy potential. According to guidelines, surgical intervention is the standard of care for unilateral AI.

Pediatric-type follicular lymphoma: a short review.

Pediatric-type follicular lymphoma is an uncommon and newly recognized entity of lymphoid neoplasm commonly encountered in the young population. Despite its indolent clinical course and localized nodal involvement, it has been characterized by its high-grade histopathological features. The overlapping features between this disease and several entities have made approaching this unique entity significantly challenging, with all such features being reflected in the strict diagnostic criteria highlighted by the WHO 2016 lymphoid malignancy classification.

Extramedullary Involvement of the Ascending Colon in Relapsing Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Case Report.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) accounts for <1% of adult cancers. Extramedullary relapse of ALL has been primarily reported in pediatric patients or hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a less frequently reported site of extramedullary relapse. Here, we report a case of a 30-year-old male who was a known case of ALL with multiple relapses and allogenic stem cell transplantations.

Prognostic markers compared to CD3+TIL in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC) is more prevalent in some geographic regions, including Saudi Arabia. Typically, Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) staging is used in NPC. However, it is inadequate to assess the prognosis of LA-NPC.

Tuberculosis presenting as metastatic lung cancer.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (TB) masquerading as lung tumor is well reported, but its mimicry as metastatic thoracic cancer is rare. We report the case of a young male who presented with clinical and radiological picture of lung cancer but investigations confirmed it as TB. A 35-year-old male, with 18-pack year of smoking history, presented with dry cough, anorexia, weight loss, and lower back and left hip pain.

Fatal rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease in a patient with amyopathic dermatomyositis.

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a well-established common manifestation of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Yet, till now, the pathogenetic mechanisms are still poorly understood, classification is evolving and prognosis is variable. A refractory and rapidly progressive ILD (RPILD) that is associated with dermatomyositis (DM) with minimal muscle weakness and normal creatine kinase (termed clinically amyopathic DM) is increasingly being recognized, with more incidence in Asians.

Nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma characteristics, management of primary and relapsed/refractory disease and outcome analysis: the first comprehensive report from the Middle East.

Background: Nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) is an uncommon variant of Hodgkin lymphoma. There is limited data on treatment, management of refractory and relapsed disease, and long-term outcome. Many registries or country-wide data reports are unable to provide detailed primary and subsequent management.

Intraocular T-cell lymphoma metastasizing from a primary adrenal T-cell lymphoma: Case report.

Introduction: Most intraocular T-cell lymphomas arise from metastatic source. We are reporting a rare case of intraocular T-cell lymphoma masquerading as pseudo-hypopyon and vitritis. The eye involvement proved to represent a metastatic spread from a co-existing adrenal T-cell lymphoma, which was discovered after the initial ophthalmic presentation.

CD3+T-lymphocyte infiltration is an independent prognostic factor for advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Background: Locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC) is a relatively rare disease in the west but more common in East Asia and areas of the Middle East like Saudi Arabia. Despite the advances in radiation therapy techniques, some patients relapse after treatment. In the coming era of cancer immunotherapy, prognostic factors for LA-NPC need to be further defined using immune-relevant markers.

Telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter mutations in cancers derived from multiple organ sites among middle eastern population.

Sanger Sequencing and immunohistochemistry was employed to investigate the TERT promoter mutations and TERT protein expression with their association to clinicopathological characteristics in over 2200 samples of Middle Eastern origin from 13 different types of cancers. The TERT promoter mutations were most frequently present in bladder cancer (68.6%), followed by central nervous system tumors (28.

Organizing pneumonia secondary to cetuximab in a patient with colorectal cancer.

Organizing pneumonia (OP) may be idiopathic or secondary to a variety of causes including drugs. OP and other forms of pulmonary toxicity secondary to cetuximab, however, have been described rarely. It is paramount to recognize and differentiate OP from other common conditions that cancer patients are prone to such as infection and pulmonary embolism.

An atypical pulmonary fibrosis is associated with co-inheritance of mutations in the calcium binding protein genes and .

Background: Pulmonary fibrosis is one of the leading indications for lung transplantation. The disease, which is of unknown aetiology, can be progressive, resulting in distortion of the extracellular matrix (ECM), inflammation, fibrosis and eventual death.

Methods: 13 patients born to consanguineous parents from two unrelated families presenting with interstitial lung disease were clinically investigated.

Pneumonia in HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Patients: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.

Background: To describe the clinical presentations, treatment regimen, and outcomes of pneumonia (PJP) among immunocompromised patients at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center in Saudi Arabia.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, patients with a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of PJP were included.

Results: During the study, 42 patients with confirmed PJP were identified.

Idiopathic pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis: The first case to be managed with a successful lung transplant at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh.

Idiopathic Pleuro-Parenchymal Fibroelsatosis (PPFE) is a rare, progressive and recently recognized subtype of idiopathic interstitial lung disease with no recorded successful treatment other than lung transplant. We report a case of idiopathic pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis from the Middle East, managed successfully by bilateral lung transplant performed on a 26 year old Saudi male.

Huge primary mediastinal synovial sarcoma fully occupying the right hemithorax.

Primary mediastinal synovial sarcomas are exceedingly uncommon tumors. Herein, we present the case of primary mediastinal synovial sarcoma (monophasic spindle cell-shaped variant) fully occupying the right hemithorax in a 37-year-old woman who presented to clinic with a 2-month history of right-sided chest pain and shortness of breath. Although extremely rare, however, synovial sarcoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of all monophasic and biphasic spindle cell neoplasms of the mediastinum.

Aspergillus flavus native valve endocarditis following combined liver and renal transplantation: Case report and review of the literature.

Aspergillus endocarditis is a rare infection that occurs most commonly in patients with prior cardiac surgery but cases in post-transplant recipients without prior cardiac surgery have been reported. Diagnosis is often delayed and requires high index of suspicion. We here report a case of Aspergillus endocarditis in solid organ transplant recipient.

Benign Pericardial Schwannoma: Case Report and Summary of Previously Reported Cases.

BACKGROUND Primary pericardial tumors have a prevalence of between 6.7% and 12.8% of all tumors arising in the cardiac region.

Bilateral Mesenchymal Hamartoma of the Chest Wall in a 3-Month-Old Boy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Mesenchymal hamartoma of the chest wall is a well-recognized but extremely rare entity. This entity is believed to be benign with no propensity for invasion or metastasis. Although the lesion manifests with alarming aggressive clinical, radiological, and histological features, it is considered benign and carries an excellent outcome.

Immature mediastinal teratoma with unusual histopathology: A case report of multi-lineage, somatic-type malignant transformation and a review of the literature.

Germ cell tumors (GCTs) represent a well-recognized group of heterogeneous neoplasms with diverse clinical, histopathological, diagnostic, and prognostic characteristics. We present a rare case of a locally aggressive, chemotherapy-resistant immature mediastinal teratoma with a peculiar histological finding of a multilineage somatic-type malignant degeneration. A 21-year-old male patient presented with a 3-week history of persistent, blood-tinged productive cough and shortness of breath.

Cancer Vaccines: Past, Present, and Future.

Cancer is a common and potentially deadly disease. Some of the cancers may be difficult to treat by conventional means such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, but may be controlled by the stimulation of the immune response of the body with the help of cancer vaccines. The use of vaccines for preventing infections by oncogenic viruses such as hepatitis B virus and human papilloma virus has been extremely successful in reducing the incidence of cancers resulting from these infections.

Duodenal Obstruction as First Presentation of Metastatic Breast Cancer.

The metastatic breast cancer to the duodenum is rare in spite of common breast cancer. In this paper, we are reporting a rare case of 50-year-old lady who presented with intestinal obstruction as result of metastatic breast cancer which completely responds to chemotherapy. The tumor presents again as brain metastasis after stop of Herceptin due to cardiac toxicity.