Navigating Cardiovascular Risk and Lipid Management in Indian Patients: Key Messages from the Lipid Association of India 2024 Consensus Statement IV.

Effective lipid management is crucial for preventing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). The Western lipid guidelines may not apply to Indian subjects because of the vast differences in cardiovascular (CV) disease epidemiology. To overcome this challenge, the Lipid Association of India (LAI) in 2016 proposed an ASCVD risk stratification algorithm.

Cardiovascular Compatibility of Proton Pump Inhibitors: Practice Recommendations.

This manuscript aims to critically evaluate the current evidence regarding adverse cardiovascular effects associated with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). It also provides guidance for the selection of the most appropriate PPI within the context of cardiovascular polypharmacy and emphasizes the importance of establishing consensus among clinicians on the need to prescribe PPIs with limited cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzyme inhibition to reduce the risk of drug interactions. PPIs are among the most widely used drugs for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and the prevention of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding.

Visceral adiposity in young patients with coronary artery disease-a case control study.

Aims: Central obesity is associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. We carried out a hospital based case control study in young patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) to assess the importance of visceral fat

Methods: Coronary artery disease was established by coronary angiogram in all cases. Controls were age- and sex-matched subjects with normal coronary angiogram.

Validation of the GRACE score for prognosis in Indian patients with acute coronary syndromes.

Aim: To validate the global registry of acute coronary events (GRACE) score in acute coronary syndromes (ACS) patients and study its angiographic correlation.

Methods And Results: Two-hundred and thirty-five ACS patients were studied for the combined endpoint of all-cause in-hospital mortality and non-fatal infarction/reinfarction. We tested the predictive accuracy of the composite GRACE score using the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve.

A look into Lee's score: peri-operative cardiovascular risk assessment in non-cardiac surgeries-usefulness of revised cardiac risk index.

Objective: The revised cardiac risk index (RCRI/Lee's score) was designed for peri-operative risk assessment before elective major non-cardiac surgeries. Through this article, we report the usefulness of RCRI in our daily practice, while evaluating patients undergoing surgeries of varying risk.

Methods: Only referred patients, aged ≥ 40 years, were included.

Prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes and hypertension in India--results from the Screening India's Twin Epidemic (SITE) study.

Objective: Despite the rising number of patients with diabetes and hypertension in India, there is a dearth of nationwide, comprehensive prevalence data on these diseases. Our study aimed at collecting data on the prevalence of diabetes and hypertension and the underlying risk factors in various outpatient facilities throughout India.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was planned to be conducted in 10 Indian states, one state at a time.

Characteristics of a subset of patients with reversible systolic dysfunction in chronic kidney disease.

There exists a subgroup of uremic cardiomyopathy patients who experience resolution of heart failure symptoms with recovery of normal cardiac geometry following hemodialysis. The authors studied 52 patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis over a period of 190 days. There were 29 patients with systolic dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction <40%).

Left ventricular lateral annulus and left atrial free-wall velocity time integral indicate thromboembolism in patients with rheumatic atrial fibrillation.

Background: Low wall motion and stasis increase the likelihood of clot formation. We hypothesized that tissue Doppler indices of left atrial (LA) motion are reduced in the presence of LA thrombi and may be predictive for clot formation in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).

Methods: We did an observational study for 3 years in 118 patients with rheumatic mitral valve disease in chronic AF who had not received anticoagulation, with (Group 1, n = 36) and without (Group 2, n = 82) thromboembolism.

Syphilitic aortitis: an uncommon cause of acquired aortopulmonary fistula.

Cardiovascular syphilis has become a medical curiosity with the advent of widespread use of penicillin for the treatment of early syphilis. We report a case of a 37-year-old man who presented with sudden onset breathlessness that worsened insidiously for 1 year. Diagnosis of syphilitic aortopulmonary fistula was confirmed by aortography, contrast computed tomography, and histopathology.

Effect of antianginal drugs in stable angina on predicted mortality risk after surviving a myocardial infarction: a preliminary study (METRO).

Background: Although antianginal drugs are used over several months and through to years in stable angina, there is scant evidence regarding their influence on outcomes. The METRO (ManagEment of angina: a reTRospective cOhort) study sought to assess the independent effect of using these drugs on subsequent mortality risk in patients with stable angina.

Methods: Consecutive patients with stable angina, receiving at least one antianginal drug (nitrates, beta-adrenoceptor antagonists, calcium channel antagonists, trimetazidine, or nicorandil), were selected if they were discharged alive from an intensive care unit following a myocardial infarction (MI).

Prevalence and component analysis of metabolic syndrome: an Indian atherosclerosis research study perspective.

Asian Indians have a high predisposition to metabolic syndrome (MS) and coronary artery disease (CAD). The present study aimed to estimate MS prevalence in 531 Asian Indian families comprising of 2318 individuals. Anthropometrics and lipid profile were assessed.

Adult nontwin sib concordance rates for type 2 diabetes, hypertension and metabolic syndrome among Asian Indians: the Indian Atherosclerosis Research Study.

Diabetes (DM), hypertension (HTN), and metabolic syndrome (MS) are established cardiovascular risk factors with a complex etiology. The aim of the present study was to estimate the rates of concordance for the above coronary risk factors between siblings in Asian Indian families with premature coronary artery disease (CAD). Spouse concordance rates were used to evaluate the relative contribution of shared genes and lifestyle towards these traits.

Acquired aortopulmonary fistula.

An acquired aortopulmonary artery fistula is rare. We describe a case with an aortic arch aneurysm communicating with the main pulmonary artery. The diagnosis was made on the basis of transthoracic echocardiography and confirmed by transesophageal echocardiography.