Estimating the need for diabetic retinopathy services in north India: evidence from a population-based survey in the catchment population of an eye care provider in central Uttar Pradesh.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and retina screening coverage among people with diabetes in the catchment area of a high-volume eye care organisation in north India.

Design: A population-based cross-sectional study using Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness survey, including the DR module.

Setting: A customised rural district in the catchment of Dr Shroff's Charity Eye Hospital in Uttar Pradesh in north India.

Cataract surgical coverage in Indian population aged 50 years and above.

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to obtain the current estimates of cataract surgical coverage (CSC) at varying thresholds of vision and gender variations across districts in diverse Indian populations aged ≥50 years.

Methods: Data collected from the national blindness survey from 31 Indian districts between 2015 and 2019 were analyzed. CSC at varying thresholds of presenting visual acuity <3/60, <6/60, and <6/18 were estimated along with gender variations across districts in population ≥50 years of age.

Effective cataract surgical coverage in India: Evidence from 31 districts.

Background: Effective Cataract Surgical Coverage (eCSC) is a core outcomes domain indicator to assess accessibility and quality of eye care services with limited available information.

Purpose: To generate baseline estimates of eCSC for India.

Methods: We performed the analysis of data pooled from Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness surveys conducted in 31 districts of India during 2015-2019 among persons aged 50+ years.

Impact of color vision deficiency on the quality of life in a sample of Indian population: Application of the CVD-QoL tool.

Purpose: To investigate the quality of life (QoL) in a sample of color vision deficit (CVD) patients in India and how color vision deficiency affects them psychologically, economically, and in productivity related to their work and occupation.

Methods: A descriptive and case-control study design using a questionnaire was conducted on N = 120 participants, of whom 60 were patients of CVD (52 male and eight female) who visited two eye facilities in Hyderabad between 2020 and 2021 and 60 were age-matched normal color vision participants who served as controls. We validated English-Telugu adapted version of CVD-QoL, developed by Barry et al.

Color vision devices for color vision deficiency patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background And Aims: There is insufficient evidence to support that using electronic or optical color vision devices improve color perception with current advanced technology. The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the different color vision devices available for patients with color vision deficiency (CVD) and evaluate whether these devices improved their color perception.

Methods: This review included randomized, experimental, comparative studies, as well as narrative reviews, prototype and innovation studies, and translational studies, followed by case-control and clinical trials with nonsurgical interventions studies, that is, electronic color vision devices, optical devices, and contact lens-based studies, with standardized inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Blindness and visual impairment and their causes in India: Results of a nationally representative survey.

Introduction: Avoidable blindness is a significant public health problem in India. Nationally representative RAAB surveys (Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness) are being conducted periodically in the country to know the current status of blindness in the country. The current study describes the findings from the RAAB survey conducted during 2015-19 in India.

Current estimates of the economic burden of blindness and visual impairment in India: A cost of illness study.

Purpose: Currently, there are an estimated 4.95 million blind persons and 70 million vision impaired persons in India, out of which 0.24 million are blind children.

Non-mydriatic fundus photography as an alternative to indirect ophthalmoscopy for screening of diabetic retinopathy in community settings: a comparative pilot study in rural and tribal India.

Objectives: The impending and increasing prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in India has necessitated a need for affordable and valid community outreach screening programme for DR, especially in rural and far to reach indigenous local communities. The present study is a pilot study aimed to compare non-mydriatic fundus photography with indirect ophthalmoscopy for its utilisation as a feasible and logistically convenient screening modality for DR in an older age, rural, tribal population in Western India.

Design And Setting: This community-based, cross-sectional, prospective population study was a part of a module using Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness and DR methodology in 8340 sampled participants with ≥50 years age.

Prevalence of diabetic retinopahty in India: Results from the National Survey 2015-19.

Purpose: Diabetes mellitus (DM) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) contribute to ocular morbidity and are emerging as diseases with significant public health impact. Our aim was to assess the countrywide prevalence of DR and sight-threatening DR (STDR) among persons with diabetes and to evaluate the coverage of DR examinations among them.

Methods: The present survey was planned to estimate the burden of DR in the population aged ≥50 years for assisting in the planning and prioritization of diabetic eye services.

Generating evidence for planning eye care service delivery in an urban underprivileged population setting in Pune, Western India.

Purpose: To estimate prevalence of blindness, diabetic retinopathy and causes of blindness through rapid assessment of avoidable blindness (RAAB) survey in Pune, India to develop an evidence base for planning urban eye care services.

Methods: 'Rapid assessment of avoidable blindness and diabetic retinopathy' methodology was used. Compact segment sampling was used in each of the 60 selected electoral wards identified through cluster selection module of the RAAB software using probability proportionate to size method.

Changing trends of blindness, visual impairment and cataract surgery in Bhutan: 2009-2018.

Purpose: To obtain new rapid assessment of avoidable blindness (RAAB) data on the prevalence, causes and trends of blindness, visual impairment and cataract surgery; and compare the new 2018 data with the older RAAB 2009 data.

Methodology: The second nationwide RAAB used android based mRAAB technique and technology for data collection. Using the compact segment sampling probability proportionate to size, 5,050 participants from 101 clusters of 50 people aged 50 years and older were enrolled through house-to-house visits.

Estimating the magnitude of diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy in an older age urban population in Pune, western India.

Objective: To estimate magnitude of diabetes mellitus (DM) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in a high risk population in Pune, western India.

Methods: DR module in rapid assessment of avoidable blindness (RAAB) survey methodology was used. Sample size of 3527 was calculated based on estimates from previous studies in India.

Exploring the Awareness Regarding E-waste and its Health Hazards among the Informal Handlers in Musheerabad Area of Hyderabad.

Introduction: Occupational Health hazards of handling and management of electronic waste is a nascent subject. Improper and unscientific handling of e-waste can invite significant human and environmental health risks.

Objective: To study the level of awareness about electronic waste and its health hazards amongst informal handlers in Musheerabad, Hyderabad.

Factors Influencing Employment and Employability for Persons with Disability: Insights from a City in South India.

Background: There is a lack of evidence on barriers faced by persons with disability in accessing employment opportunities in India.

Aim: This study was undertaken to ascertain both employee and employer perceptions on barriers existing among Information Technology (IT) and IT-enabled sectors to employ persons with disabilities.

Materials And Methods: Two hundred participants from six IT/IT-enabled sector organizations were included in the study; study was conducted at Hyderabad, India.

Statistical analysis plan for the family-led rehabilitation after stroke in India (ATTEND) trial: A multicenter randomized controlled trial of a new model of stroke rehabilitation compared to usual care.

Background In low- and middle-income countries, few patients receive organized rehabilitation after stroke, yet the burden of chronic diseases such as stroke is increasing in these countries. Affordable models of effective rehabilitation could have a major impact. The ATTEND trial is evaluating a family-led caregiver delivered rehabilitation program after stroke.

Protocol for process evaluation of a randomised controlled trial of family-led rehabilitation post stroke (ATTEND) in India.

Introduction: We are undertaking a randomised controlled trial (fAmily led rehabiliTaTion aftEr stroke in INDia, ATTEND) evaluating training a family carer to enable maximal rehabilitation of patients with stroke-related disability; as a potentially affordable, culturally acceptable and effective intervention for use in India. A process evaluation is needed to understand how and why this complex intervention may be effective, and to capture important barriers and facilitators to its implementation. We describe the protocol for our process evaluation to encourage the development of in-process evaluation methodology and transparency in reporting.

A Mixed-Method Study to Determine the Benefits of Periconceptional Folic Acid Supplementation and Effects of Folic Acid Deficiency in Mothers on Birth Outcomes.

Background: Evidence from high income countries shows mothers who are supplemented with folic acid in their periconceptional period and early pregnancy have significantly reduced adverse outcomes like birth defects. However, in India there is a paucity of data on association of birth defects and folic acid supplementation. We identified a few important questions to be answered using separate scientific methods and then planned to triangulate the information.

Situational analysis of services for diabetes and diabetic retinopathy and evaluation of programs for the detection and treatment of diabetic retinopathy in India: Methods for the India 11-city 9-state study.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of visual impairment in India. Available evidence shows that there are more than 60 million persons with diabetes in India and that the number will increase to more than a 100 million by 2030. There is a paucity of data on the perceptions and practices of persons with diabetes and the available infrastructure and uptake of services for DR in India.

Generating Evidence for Program Planning: Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness in Bangladesh.

Purpose: There is a lack of data on the prevalence and causes of blindness in Bangladesh, which is important to plan effective eye health programs and advocate support services to achieve the goals of Vision 2020.

Methods: We conducted a rapid assessment of avoidable blindness (RAAB) in 8 districts of Bangladesh (January 2010 - December 2012) to establish the prevalence and causes of blindness. People aged ≥50 years were selected, and eligible participants had visual acuity (VA) measured.