Contrasting tropical precipitation and ecosystem response to Indian Ocean Dipole in a warming climate.

The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) significantly influences tropical precipitation patterns, with its positive phase triggering severe floods and droughts in Indian Ocean rim countries. These climate extremes are projected to intensify under global warming. However, how the IOD will modulate the tropical precipitation and ecosystem response under warming climate remains unknown.

On the possible cause of distinct El Niño types in the recent decades.

Distinct El Niño types have been observed in the recent decades with warm anomalies in the eastern Pacific (Canonical El Niño, EL) and central Pacific (El Niño Modoki, EM). Among these, a basinwide tropical Pacific (TP) warming is seen during 2009 and recently during 2014. We carried out data analysis and numerical simulation experiments to understand the possible cause for different El Niño flavours.