Do Changes in BMI during the COVID-19 Pandemic Persist in the Post-Pandemic Period in a Pediatric Population Attending Health Care Clinics? A Longitudinal Study.

Introduction: The long-term effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on body weight has not been sufficiently analyzed. This study aimed to analyze changes in body mass index (BMI) during and after the COVID-19 pandemic among a large pediatric population attending health care clinics.

Methods: This retrospective longitudinal cohort study utilized electronic medical data of 106,871 children (52.

Recorded diagnosis of overweight/obesity in primary care is linked to obesity care performance rates.

Background: Periodical BMI measurement during visits with primary care pediatricians (PCP) can be central to diagnosing, managing, and treating overweight/obesity. The aim was to evaluate among children and adolescents with similar BMI percentiles, whether recording a formal diagnosis by PCP, of overweight/obesity is associated with improved performance rates of obesity-related care.

Methods: The electronic database of the largest health maintenance organization in Israel was searched for all patients aged 2-18 years with BMI recorded at a visit with the PCP during 2017-2023.

Glycemic Variability and Disordered Eating Among Adolescents and Young Adults with Type 1 Diabetes: The Role of Disinhibited Eating.

Disordered eating behaviors (DEB) are common among individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Glycemic variability, potentially harmful in T1D, may reveal distinct characteristics between those with higher versus lower variability, particularly concerning DEB. Our aim was to evaluate the prevalence of DEB and associated risk factors among adolescents and young adults with T1D and to investigate unique factors associated with DEB across different levels of glycemic variability.

Use of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists for the Management of Type 1 Diabetes: A Pediatric Perspective.

Background: Despite all the technological advances in treatment of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D), glucose control remains suboptimal in most patients. In addition, a relatively high percentage of patients with T1D, including children, have obesity. Therefore, new interventions are required that focus their effects on weight loss, in order to help with associated insulin resistance and improve glycemic control.

Barriers to Adolescents' Adherence to Medical Advice after Metabolic Bariatric Surgery: A Statistical Analysis.

Adolescent obesity has markedly increased worldwide, and metabolic bariatric surgery is an effective treatment option. A major predictor of the outcomes of this procedure is adherence to post-surgery lifestyle changes and medical recommendations. While adolescents generally have more difficulty adhering to medical advice than adults, their failure to do so could adversely affect their physical and psychological health, the cost-effectiveness of medical care, and the results of clinical trials.

Endocrine-related adverse conditions in pediatric patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibition for malignancies.

Background: In recent years, remarkable advances in cancer immunotherapy have been introduced in the field of oncology. Since the discovery of immune checkpoints inhibitors (ICIs), these groups of medications have become a crucial treatment for several types of adult cancer.

Summary: To date, pediatric experience with this group of medications is limited.

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs treatment in girls with central precocious puberty and early fast puberty.

Background: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog (GnRHa) is the standard treatment for children with central precocious puberty (CPP). We assessed efficacy and safety of GnRHa treatment in girls with CPP and early fast puberty (EFP).

Methods: This retrospective observational study included anthropometric, clinical and laboratory data retrieved from medical files of girls with CPP or EFP, treated with GnRHa and followed at a tertiary endocrine clinic during 2007-2021.

Disordered eating behaviours in adolescents with type 1 diabetes can be influenced by their weight at diagnosis and rapid weight gain subsequently.

Aims: To assess the prevalence and disease-related risk factors for disordered eating behaviours among adolescents with type 1 diabetes and also to search for risk factors at disease diagnosis that can predict the development of disordered eating behaviours.

Methods: A retrospective observational study of 291 adolescents aged 15-19 years with type 1 diabetes who completed the Diabetes Eating Problem Survey-Revised (DEPS-R) as is routine in our diabetes clinic. The prevalence of disordered eating behaviours and risk factors for their development was assessed.

Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Nutrition.

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Optic pathway glioma and endocrine disorders in patients with and without NF1.

Background: Optic pathway gliomas (OPGs) are classified by anatomic location and the association with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Children with OPGs face sequelae related to tumor location and treatment modalities. We assessed the prevalence of endocrine dysfunction in children with OPGs and compared outcomes between those with and without NF1.

Symptoms and Glycemic Control in Young People With Type 1 Diabetes Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection: An Observational Study.

Context: Data is needed regarding the effect of SARS-CoV-19 infection on young people with established type 1 diabetes. Identifying the disease outcomes, short and long-term sequelae may help to establish an evidence-based prevention and education policy for sick days management and DKA prevention.

Objective: This work aims to describe clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children, adolescents, and young adults with established type 1 diabetes (T1D) and explore the effects of COVID-19 on glycemic control and disease course.

Changes in body mass index in children and adolescents in Israel during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has health, social, and economic implications. Our primary objective was to evaluate changes in body mass index (BMI) from the pre-pandemic to COVID-19 pandemic period among a large pediatric population in Israel.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study is based on data from Clalit Health Services, the largest health maintenance organization in Israel.

Good glycemic control at puberty in boys with type 1 diabetes is important for final height.

Background: Poor glycemic control in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) may hinder sexual development and the associated growth spurt. This study aims to identify factors that may affect the timing of puberty, total pubertal growth (TPG), and final height (F-Ht) in boys with T1D.

Methods: This was a retrospective longitudinal study of 68 boys diagnosed with T1D during 1996 to 2009, who were prepubertal at diagnosis and had completed puberty at the time of data collection.

The Impact of Hypo- and Hyperglycemia on Cognition and Brain Development in Young Children with Type 1 Diabetes.

Human and experimental animal data suggest both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia can lead to altered brain structure and neurocognitive function in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Young children with T1D are prone to extreme fluctuations in glucose levels. The overlap of these potential dysglycemic insults to the brain during the time of most active brain and cognitive development may cause cellular and structural injuries that appear to persist into adult life.

Diabetes ketoacidosis recovery in youth with newly diagnosed and established type 1 diabetes.

Background: The objective of this study was to describe the differences in metabolic parameters and in time to recovery from diabetes ketoacidosis (DKA), between children and adolescents with newly diagnosed diabetes compared with established type 1 diabetes (T1DM).

Methods: This was a single-center, retrospective study. The cohort consists of 356 children and adolescents with T1DM who had DKA during 2008-2018.

Associations of Obesity with Linear Growth and Puberty.

Background: The prevalence of obesity in childhood has increased dramatically in recent decades with increased risk of developing cardiometabolic and other comorbidities. Childhood adiposity may also influence processes of growth and puberty.

Summary: Growth patterns of obesity during childhood have been shown to be associated with increased linear growth in early childhood, leading to accelerated epiphyseal growth plate (EGP) maturation.