Examining unmet needs in older adults with lung cancer: A systematic review and narrative synthesis.

Introduction: Unmet needs in the older population with cancer are complex due to aging-related health conditions. A review of unmet needs in older people with cancer showed that needs varied among different cancer types. In lung cancer, a higher incidence of geriatric syndromes and comorbidities exist compared to other cancer cohorts, impacting treatment tolerance and completion.

Overview of cardiac toxicity from radiation therapy.

Radiotherapy is an essential part of treatment for many patients with thoracic cancers. However, proximity of the heart to tumour targets can lead to cardiac side effects, with studies demonstrating link between cardiac radiation dose and adverse outcomes. Although reducing cardiac dose can reduce associated risks, most cardiac constraint recommendations in clinical use are generally based on dose to the whole heart, as dose assessment at cardiac substructure levels on individual patients has been limited historically.

Radiotherapy protocol compliance in routine clinical practice for patients with stages I-III non-small-cell lung cancer.

Introduction: Despite the availability of radiotherapy treatment protocols for lung cancer, considerable treatment variation occurs in clinical practice. This study assessed compliance with a radiotherapy protocol for the treatment of patients with stages I-III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in routine clinical practice and to identify factors that were associated with compliance.

Methods: The Cancer Institute New South Wales eviQ treatment protocol for external beam radiotherapy of stages I-III NSCLC was taken as the reference to measure compliance.

The histopathological spectrum and molecular changes associated with KRAS G12C mutation in non-small cell lung carcinoma.

KRAS G12C is the most common KRAS mutation in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), for which targeted therapy has recently been developed. From the 732 cases of NSCLC that underwent next-generation sequencing at the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Liverpool Hospital, between July 2021 and May 2023, we retrieved 83 (11%) consecutive cases of KRAS G12C mutated NSCLC, and analysed their clinical, pathological, and molecular features. Of the 83 cases of KRAS G12C mutated NSCLC, there were 46 (55%) men and 37 (45%) women, with mean age of 72 years.

Uncertainty estimation using a 3D probabilistic U-Net for segmentation with small radiotherapy clinical trial datasets.

Background And Objectives: Bio-medical image segmentation models typically attempt to predict one segmentation that resembles a ground-truth structure as closely as possible. However, as medical images are not perfect representations of anatomy, obtaining this ground truth is not possible. A surrogate commonly used is to have multiple expert observers define the same structure for a dataset.

Central airway squamous metaplasia following radiation therapy mimicking local tumour recurrence.

Radiation therapy can result in injury to the lung parenchyma and central airways; the latter is less well documented in the literature. Here, we describe a 65-year-old Caucasian male, who developed focal endobronchial nodules and right main bronchial stenosis suggesting tumour recurrence, 32 months following curative intent concurrent chemoradiation therapy for Stage 3B squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. Computed tomography and positron emission tomography results are detailed.

Central airway squamous metaplasia following radiation therapy mimicking local tumour recurrence.

Radiation therapy can result in injury to the lung parenchyma and central airways; the latter is less well documented in the literature. Here, we describe a 65-year-old Caucasian male, who developed focal endobronchial nodules and right main bronchial stenosis suggesting tumour recurrence, 32 months following curative intent concurrent chemoradiation therapy for Stage 3B squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. Computed tomography and positron emission tomography results are detailed.

SABR for Early Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Changes in Pulmonary Function, Dyspnea, and Quality of Life.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to report pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and clinician-reported and patient-reported quality-of-life (QoL) outcomes on a cohort of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with SABR.

Methods And Materials: A total of 119 patients with NSCLC were treated with SABR in the prospective cohort SSBROC study of patients with T1-T2N0M0 NSCLC. PFTs and QoL measures were obtained at baseline pretreatment and at 6-month intervals.

Faster and lower dose imaging: evaluating adaptive, constant gantry velocity and angular separation in fast low-dose 4D cone beam CT imaging.

Background: The adoption of four-dimensional cone beam computed tomography (4DCBCT) for image-guided lung cancer radiotherapy is increasing, especially for hypofractionated treatments. However, the drawbacks of 4DCBCT include long scan times (∼240 s), inconsistent image quality, higher imaging dose than necessary, and streaking artifacts. With the emergence of linear accelerators that can acquire 4DCBCT scans in a short period of time (9.

Qualitative study of international key informants' perspectives on the current and future state of healthcare quality measurement and feedback.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to explore the current and future state of quality measurement and feedback and identify factors influencing measurement feedback systems, including the barriers and enablers to their effective design, implementation, use and translation into quality improvement.

Design: This qualitative study used semistructured interviews with key informants. A deductive framework analysis was conducted to code transcripts to the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF).

Long-Term Outcomes of TROG 13.01 SAFRON II Randomized Trial of Single- Versus Multifraction Stereotactic Ablative Body Radiotherapy for Pulmonary Oligometastases.

JCO In a randomized phase II clinical trial, the Trans Tasman Radiation Oncology Group compared single- versus multifraction stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) in 90 patients with 133 oligometastases to the lung. The study found no differences in safety, efficacy, systemic immunogenicity, or survival between arms, with single-fraction SABR picked as the winner on the basis of cost-effectiveness. In this article, we report the final updated survival outcome analysis.

Implementing Smoking Cessation Interventions for Tobacco Users Within Oncology Settings: A Systematic Review.

Importance: Patients with cancer who continue to smoke tobacco experience greater treatment-related complications, higher risk of secondary cancers, and greater mortality. Despite research to improve smoking cessation care within clinical oncology, implementation of proposed interventions within routine care remains challenging.

Objective: To identify and recommend implementation strategies for smoking cessation interventions associated with improved screening, advice-giving, and referral for tobacco users recently diagnosed with cancer, as well as shifting smoking behaviors and attitudes in this patient population.

Outcome prediction models incorporating clinical variables for Head and Neck Squamous cell Carcinoma: A systematic review of methodological conduct and risk of bias.

Multiple outcome prediction models have been developed for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC). This systematic review aimed to identify HNSCC outcome prediction model studies, assess their methodological quality and identify those with potential utility for clinical practice. Inclusion criteria were mucosal HNSCC prognostic prediction model studies (development or validation) incorporating clinically available variables accessible at time of treatment decision making and predicting tumour-related outcomes.

Open-source, fully-automated hybrid cardiac substructure segmentation: development and optimisation.

Radiotherapy for thoracic and breast tumours is associated with a range of cardiotoxicities. Emerging evidence suggests cardiac substructure doses may be more predictive of specific outcomes, however, quantitative data necessary to develop clinical planning constraints is lacking. Retrospective analysis of patient data is required, which relies on accurate segmentation of cardiac substructures.

Standardising Breast Radiotherapy Structure Naming Conventions: A Machine Learning Approach.

In progressing the use of big data in health systems, standardised nomenclature is required to enable data pooling and analyses. In many radiotherapy planning systems and their data archives, target volumes (TV) and organ-at-risk (OAR) structure nomenclature has not been standardised. Machine learning (ML) has been utilised to standardise volumes nomenclature in retrospective datasets.

Measurement that matters: A systematic review and modified Delphi of multidisciplinary colorectal cancer quality indicators.

Aim: To develop a priority set of quality indicators (QIs) for use by colorectal cancer (CRC) multidisciplinary teams (MDTs).

Methods: The review search strategy was executed in four databases from 2009-August 2019. Two reviewers screened abstracts/manuscripts.

A Systematic Review of Electronic Medical Record Driven Quality Measurement and Feedback Systems.

Historically, quality measurement analyses utilize manual chart abstraction from data collected primarily for administrative purposes. These methods are resource-intensive, time-delayed, and often lack clinical relevance. Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) have increased data availability and opportunities for quality measurement.

Building staff capability, opportunity, and motivation to provide smoking cessation to people with cancer in Australian cancer treatment centres: development of an implementation intervention framework for the Care to Quit cluster randomised controlled trial.

Unlabelled: Few rigorous studies provide a clear description of the methodological approach of developing an evidence-based implementation intervention, prior to implementation at scale. This study describes the development, mapping, rating, and review of the implementation strategies for the Care to Quit smoking cessation trial, prior to application in nine cancer services across Australia. Key stakeholders were engaged in the process from conception through to rating, reviewing and refinement of strategies and principles.

Infrastructure platform for privacy-preserving distributed machine learning development of computer-assisted theragnostics in cancer.

Introduction: Emerging evidence suggests that data-driven support tools have found their way into clinical decision-making in a number of areas, including cancer care. Improving them and widening their scope of availability in various differing clinical scenarios, including for prognostic models derived from retrospective data, requires co-ordinated data sharing between clinical centres, secondary analyses of large multi-institutional clinical trial data, or distributed (federated) learning infrastructures. A systematic approach to utilizing routinely collected data across cancer care clinics remains a significant challenge due to privacy, administrative and political barriers.