Publications by authors named "Shalini Singh"

The number of metal-containing waste streams resulting from electronic end-of life products, metallurgical by-products, and mine tailings to name but a few, is increasing worldwide. In recent decades, the potential to exploit these waste streams as valuable secondary resources to meet the high demand of critical and economically important raw materials has become more prominent. In this review, fundamental principles of bio-based metal recovery technologies are discussed focusing on microbial metabolism-dependent and metabolism-independent mechanisms as sustainable alternatives to conventional chemical metal recovery methods.

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  • In Indian states, many public health programs are led by clinicians lacking formal leadership training, prompting Uttar Pradesh to launch a Public Health Management and Leadership program for mid-career medical officers to enhance their administrative skills.
  • The training included essential skills such as leadership, communication, and problem-solving through in-person sessions and hands-on projects, with participant feedback measured via Kirkpatrick's model and statistical analyses showing notable but moderate improvements in learning outcomes.
  • Despite high satisfaction with the program, participants struggled to apply management concepts due to contextual limitations and barriers like resource constraints and gender stereotypes, suggesting a need for additional training in finance and human resources.
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The scope of eye banking activities has been expanding with the advances and techniques of keratoplasty. With the popularity of descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) in the recent decade, there is a need to adopt the preparation of DMEK tissues in the eye banks. This necessitated surgical training of the eye bank technicians, development of infrastructure in the eye bank, innovative methods of graft preparation, and delivery for the surgery at distant surgery centers.

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We describe an outbreak of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C in Fiji. We created surveillance case definitions and collected data by using standard investigation forms. Bacterial identification, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and PCR were performed in Fiji.

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Introduction: Non-invasive frameless systems have paved its way for stereotactic radiotherapy treatments compared to gold standard invasive rigid frame-based systems as they are comfortable to patients, do not have risk of pain, bleeding, infection, frame slippage and have similar treatment efficacy.

Aim And Objective: To estimate immobilisation accuracy (interfraction and intrafraction) and PTV margins with double shell positioning system (DSPS) using daily image guidance for stereotactic radiotherapy in patients with brain tumors.

Materials And Method: A prospective study was done in 19 cranial tumor patients with KPS ≥70, immobilized by the DSPS with mouth bite and treated with LINAC based image guided stereotactic radiotherapy.

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Purpose Of Review: People with HIV (PWH) experience premature aging and an elevated risk of age-related comorbidities, even with viral suppression through antiretroviral therapy (ART). We examine gastrointestinal disruptions, specifically impaired intestinal barrier integrity and microbial dysbiosis, as contributors to these comorbidities.

Recent Findings: HIV infection compromises the intestinal epithelial barrier, increasing permeability and microbial translocation, which trigger inflammation and cellular stress.

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  • The study aimed to compare placental measurements and blood flow between women with preeclampsia (PE) and those with normal outcomes during pregnancy.
  • It involved tracking placental dimensions and blood flow in various arteries at multiple stages of gestation, following a specific group of women until delivery.
  • Results showed that women with PE had significantly smaller placental measurements and lower ratios of placental size to blood flow compared to controls, highlighting the potential of these ratios as indicators for PE risk.
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Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) represent a critical health concern due to their potential to rupture, leading to severe morbidity and mortality. Small molecule inhibitors (SMIs) have emerged as promising therapeutic candidates for managing IA progression and rupture risk. The current landscape of SMIs targets various molecular pathways implicated in IA pathogenesis, including inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation.

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Purpose: To report the demographic profile, clinical characteristics, risk factors and outcomes of graft rejection after DSEK.

Methods: A total of 3073 eyes had DSEK between 2012 and 2019, of which 1710 eyes that had follow up of more than one year. Sixty-one eyes who had graft rejection during this period were studied.

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Various factors limit the acceptability of methadone as an opioid agonist treatment (OAT), in which case, buprenorphine becomes the preferred alternative. The classical approach is to gradually taper methadone to a low dose and buprenorphine is initiated after some opioid-free period, which generally takes weeks. A novel approach known as 'microdosing' or the 'Bernese method' might serve as a valuable alternative.

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2D WS nanosheets (NSs) are gaining popularity in the domain of Li-ion batteries (LIBs) due to their unique structures, which can enable reversible insertion and extraction of alkali metal ions. While synthesis methods have mostly relied on the exfoliation of bulk materials or direct growth on substrates, here we report an alternative approach involving colloidal hot-injection synthesis of 2D WS in 2H and 1T' crystal phases followed by their electrophoretic deposition (EPD) on the current collector. The produced 2D WS NSs' films do not require any additional additives during deposition, which boosts the energy density of the additive-free LIBs produced.

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  • The study aimed to assess short-term outcomes for early glottic cancer patients (T1), focusing on oncological results, side effects, and voice quality after hypofractionated radiotherapy.
  • It included 30 early-stage patients, primarily smokers, measuring voice quality changes with the Voice Handicap Index-10 before and after treatment.
  • Results showed a significant improvement in voice quality over time post-treatment, with the hypofractionated regimen yielding positive oncological outcomes.
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Objective: This research is meant to evaluate the effectiveness of different bonding agents in minimally invasive cavity preparations at a tertiary care center.

Materials And Methods: A prospective research was conducted involving patients requiring minimally invasive cavity preparations. Patients were randomly assigned to groups based on the bonding agent used.

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HIV self-testing (HIVST) plays a significant role in addressing the health care needs of high-risk populations, particularly men who have sex with men (MSM). The present systematic review and meta-analysis provide an assessment of the prevalence of HIVST among MSM within the last 5 years. Seven databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Scopus, EMBASE, ProQuest, and EBSCOhost) were searched systematically from January 1, 2018 to March 10, 2023.

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Cryptococcal infection is less common in immunocompetent hosts and almost always occurs in the setting of HIV disease. Disseminated Cryptococcosis in a child is a fatal condition and often requires a prompt diagnosis and appropriate antifungal therapy to improve patient outcomes. Here, we present a case of bone marrow Cryptococcal infection in a 4-year-old female child.

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Purpose: The prevalence of pre-invasive lesions (PIL) of cervix in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive women ranges from 12.5 to 69%. Although Papanicolaou (PAP) test is the recommended screening method, it has concerns owing to high false-negative cytology in HIV-infected women and is associated with high attrition rates.

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  • * This review emphasizes the importance of understanding the crystal structure and functional properties of HEOs, showcasing recent advancements in synthesis and their use in areas like electrocatalysis and batteries.
  • * The article discusses the challenges facing HEOs, the methodologies used to address these challenges, and suggests future research directions in energy applications.
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  • High densities of CD3 and CD8 T-cells in colorectal cancer are linked to better patient prognosis, but their effectiveness in predicting chemotherapy benefits remains unclear.
  • A study analyzed tumor tissue from 868 colorectal cancer patients and found that those with high-risk CD3/CD8 cell densities had recurrence rates twice as high as low-risk patients, consistently observed in both training and validation sets.
  • The findings suggest that while high-risk patients experience more recurrences, chemotherapy provides similar proportional benefits across both high- and low-risk groups, leading to updated treatment recommendations based on the CD3/CD8 cell density scores.
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Cyclic transparent optical polymer (CYTOP), a fluoropolymer, finds a plethora of applications in microelectronic devices for sustainable energy harvesting and memory devices. By and large, these devices demand high voltage breakdown, a high dielectric constant, transparency, charge storage, and retention capabilities. Despite many efforts, comprehensive investigation of the charge distribution, retention, and discharge studies conducted on the CYTOP film at the micro-scale remains elusive.

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The prevalence of polymer usage in everyday activities has emerged as a detriment to both human life and the environment. A large number of studies describe severe impacts of micropolymers (MP) and nanopolymers (NP) on various organ systems, including the endocrine system. Additionally, plasticizers utilized as additives have been identified as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs).

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Background: Betel nut/areca nut/ is one of the most commonly used psychoactive substance, and is also a major preventable cause of cancer. Unlike other psychoactive substances, such as nicotine, the mechanisms underlying addiction to areca nuts and related oncogenesis remain elusive. Recent reports suggest a possible overlap in the mechanisms of action of nicotine and areca nuts in the human body.

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  • The study evaluates placental size, biomarkers, and uterine artery blood flow in different pregnancy trimesters to predict early-onset fetal growth restriction (EO FGR).
  • Researchers analyzed data from 1,008 pregnancies, finding that fetuses with EO FGR had significant differences in placental measurements and specific biomarker levels compared to controls.
  • The findings suggest that using placental volume and uterine artery resistance can be effective early indicators for identifying pregnancies at risk for EO FGR during the first and second trimesters.
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  • Host metabolic issues, particularly in tryptophan metabolism, are linked to the severity of COVID-19 and long COVID symptoms.
  • People with HIV also experience similar metabolic problems, raising questions about their risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes.
  • Research on samples from people living with HIV indicates that certain metabolic changes may predict higher risks for severe COVID-19 and long COVID, suggesting a need for further study.
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