Intrathyroidal Parathyroid Adenoma - An Incidental Diagnosis.

Aim This case report highlights the importance of preoperative assessment of calcium in all cases of thyroid surgery. Intrathyroidal parathyroid adenoma (IPA) is a rare presentation of primary hyperparathyroidism. It is caused by abnormal embryonic migration of parathyroid glands and is difficult to detect preoperatively.

Gitelman Syndrome Presenting with Cerebellar Ataxia and Tetany.

Gitelman syndrome (GS) is salt-losing tubulopathy characterized by hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypocalciuria, hyperreninemia, hyperaldosteronemia, metabolic alkalosis, and rarely hypocalcemia. Here, we describe the case of a 54-year-old man who presented with cerebellar signs and tetany. On investigation, he was found to have hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, metabolic alkalosis, and high urinary chloride levels.

Single-fraction spine SBRT end-to-end testing on TomoTherapy, Vero, TrueBeam, and CyberKnife treatment platforms using a novel anthropomorphic phantom.

Spine SBRT involves the delivery of very high doses of radiation to targets adjacent to the spinal cord and is most commonly delivered in a single fraction. Highly conformal planning and accurate delivery of such plans is imperative for successful treatment without catastrophic adverse effects. End-to-end testing is an important practice for evaluating the entire treatment process from simulation through treatment delivery.

Biological effect of different IMRT delivery techniques: SMLC, DMLC, and helical tomotherapy.

Purpose: Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) is delivered using a variety of techniques with differing temporal dose characteristics. Spatial dose metrics are generally used to evaluate treatment plan quality. However, the use of this information alone neglects the effects of the significant differences in dose delivery duration and dose accumulation patterns, both of which can impact cell survival.