Global diversity and antimicrobial resistance of typhoid fever pathogens: Insights from a meta-analysis of 13,000 Typhi genomes.

Background: The Global Typhoid Genomics Consortium was established to bring together the typhoid research community to aggregate and analyse serovar Typhi (Typhi) genomic data to inform public health action. This analysis, which marks 22 years since the publication of the first Typhi genome, represents the largest Typhi genome sequence collection to date (n=13,000).

Methods: This is a meta-analysis of global genotype and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants extracted from previously sequenced genome data and analysed using consistent methods implemented in open analysis platforms GenoTyphi and Pathogenwatch.

Lack of Association of in Laryngeal Pathologies.

To study the association of () in patients with laryngeal pathologies. Study design: prospective observational study. Tertiary care teaching hospital.

A secular trend in invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella in South India, 2000-2020: Identification challenges and antibiogram.

Purpose: Invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in African countries. However, the incidence in Indian subcontinent remains poorly documented. This study has assessed the incidence of iNTS in India with a perspective on its AMR profiles and serovar distribution for a period of 21 years from 2000 to 2020 from a tertiary care centre in South India.

Genomic Characterization of Mobile Genetic Elements Associated With Carbapenem Resistance of From India.

With the excessive genome plasticity, can acquire and disseminate antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes often associated with mobile genetic elements (MGEs). Analyzing the genetic environment of resistance genes often provides valuable information on the origin, emergence, evolution, and spread of resistance. Thus, we characterized the genomic features of some clinical isolates of carbapenem-resistant (CRAb) to understand the role of diverse MGEs and their genetic context responsible for disseminating carbapenem resistance genes.

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile in Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A: Presenting the Current Scenario in India and Strategy for Future Management.

Background: Systematic studies to estimate the disease burden of typhoid and paratyphoid in India are limited. Therefore, a multicenter study on the Surveillance of Enteric Fever in India was carried out to estimate the incidence, clinical presentation, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) trend. The data presented here represent the national burden of AMR in Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A.

Cost of Illness Due to Severe Enteric Fever in India.

Background: Lack of robust data on economic burden due to enteric fever in India has made decision making on typhoid vaccination a challenge. Surveillance for Enteric Fever network was established to address gaps in typhoid disease and economic burden.

Methods: Patients hospitalized with blood culture-confirmed enteric fever and nontraumatic ileal perforation were identified at 14 hospitals.

Ileal Perforation and Enteric Fever: Implications for Burden of Disease Estimation.

Background: Ileal perforation occurs in about 1% of enteric fevers as a complication, with a case fatality risk (CFR) of 20%-30% in the early 1990s that decreased to 15.4% in 2011 in South East Asia. We report nontraumatic ileal perforations and its associated CFR from a 2-year prospective enteric fever surveillance across India.

Real-time multiplex PCR assay reveals the increased prevalence of and diarrhoeagenic in humans from Vellore, South India.

Bacterial dysentery is one of the greatest causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. spp. and diarrhoeagenic (DEC) are recognised as the most common causes of bacterial enteritis in developing countries including India.

Vancomycin heteroresistance in : elusive phenotype.

Aim: To determine the presence of vancomycin heteroresistance in .

Materials & Methods: A total of 48 rifampicin-resistant isolates from bloodstream infections were included. Vancomycin heteroresistance was determined using the population analysis profile-area under curve (PAP-AUC) method.

Hybrid genome assembly of reveals the novel finding of chromosomal integration of an IncFII plasmid carrying a gene.

Azithromycin is increasingly being used for the treatment of shigellosis despite a lack of interpretative guidelines and with limited clinical evidence. The present study determined azithromycin susceptibility and correlated this with macrolide-resistance genes in spp. isolated from stool specimens in Vellore, India.

A nineteen-year report of serotype and antimicrobial susceptibility of enteric non-typhoidal from humans in Southern India: changing facades of taxonomy and resistance trend.

Background: The steady increase in the proportion of Non-typhoidal (NTS) infections in humans represents a major health problem worldwide. The current study investigated the serovar distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility trends of NTS isolated from faecal samples during the period 2000-2018.

Methods: Faecal specimens of patients were cultured according to standard lab protocol.

Phylogenetic and Evolutionary Analysis Reveals the Recent Dominance of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Shigella sonnei and Local Persistence of S. flexneri Clones in India.

is the second leading cause of bacterial diarrhea worldwide. Recently, seems to be replacing in low- and middle-income countries undergoing economic development. Despite this, studies focusing on these species at the genomic level remain largely unexplored.

MLST based serotype prediction for the accurate identification of non typhoidal Salmonella serovars.

Traditional serotyping based on the phenotypic variation of O- and H-antigen remains as the gold-standard for the identification and classification of Salmonella isolates for last 70 years. Although this classification is a globally recognized nomenclature, huge diversity of Salmonella serotypes have made the serovar identification to be very complex. Seven gene multilocus sequence typing (MLST) on the other hand can provide serovar prediction as well as the evolutionary origin between the serovars.

Insights into the complete genomes of carbapenem-resistant harbouring and genes using a hybrid-assembly approach.

Carbapenem resistance in is due to , which is endemic in India. Recently, the sporadic presence of as well as the occurrence of dual carbapenemases were observed. The mobility as well as the dissemination of these resistance genes were mainly mediated by various mobile genetic elements.

Identification of plasmids by PCR based replicon typing in bacteremic Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a notorious pathogen with plasmid mediated resistance to all classes of antibiotics. It is important to determine the plasmid profile coding for resistance genes. Plasmid profile varies among geographical regions and tracking the types helps in determining the MDR and XDR K.

Colonization of the Preterm Neonatal Gut with Carbapenem-resistant and Its Association with Neonatal Sepsis and Maternal Gut Flora.

Background: Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative neonatal sepsis is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Mucosal colonization with these organisms in hospitals may predispose neonates to septicemia.

Aims: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and pattern of colonization of neonatal preterm gut with carbapenem-resistant and identify risk factors associated with colonization.

Mortality from infections as compared to other infections among critically ill patients in South India: A prospective cohort study.

Background: Acinetobacter baumannii has become a common pathogen causing hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). Although acquiring any nosocomial infection is associated with increased mortality, we do not know if the acquisition of Acinetobacter infection confers a worse prognosis as compared to non-Acinetobacter-related HAI. The aim of the current study is to compare the clinical outcomes of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and central line associated blood stream infections (CLABSIs) caused by A.

Draft genome sequence of carbapenem-resistant Elizabethkingia anophelis strain BP8467 clinical isolate from India.

Objectives: Elizabethkingia spp. are Gram-negative, glucose-non-fermenting bacilli that are ubiquitous in natural environments such as soil, plant and water sources. Besides environmental sources, the bacterium can be found in hospital environments, particularly medical equipment and reagents.

Differential gene expression profile of causing bacteremia in an immunocompromised individual.

Aim: species has varying levels of virulence gene expression with respect to different sites of infection. In this study, the differential gene expression of in response to its site of infection was analyzed by transcriptomics.

Methods: This study includes four clinical isolates.