Working memory and insight in the nine-dot problem.

In the present article, we examine the contribution of working memory (WM) to solution of the nine-dot problem, a classic insight problem. Prior research has generally demonstrated a limited role for WM in the solution of insight problems, which are typically assumed to be solved without conscious planning. However, MacGregor, Ormerod, and Chronicle (2001) proposed an information-processing model that solves the nine-dot problem by relying on a visual WM mechanism, which they term lookahead.

Oops! Resolving social dilemmas in frontotemporal dementia.

Objectives: Our social cognition model posits that social knowledge and executive resources guide interpersonal decision making. We investigated this model by examining the resolution of standardised social dilemmas in patients with a social and executive disorder (SOC/EXEC) caused by frontotemporal dementia (FTD).

Methods: Patients with SOC/EXEC (n = 12) and those with progressive aphasia (APH, n = 14) completed measures requiring resolution of social dilemmas (Guilford's Cartoon Predictions Test), social cognition (theory of mind false belief vignettes and a behavioural rating measure of empathy) and executive measures of cognitive flexibility (Visual Verbal Test).