Detection and absolute quantification of ATCC 202195 by quantitative real-time PCR.

When administered for seven consecutive days shortly after birth, the probiotic bacterium ATCC 202195 plus fructooligosaccharide (FOS) was reported to reduce sepsis and lower respiratory tract infection events during early infancy in a randomized trial in India. Since probiotic effects are often strain specific, strain-level detection and quantification by routine molecular methods enables the monitoring of safety outcomes, such as probiotic-associated bacteremia, and allows for the quality of probiotic interventions to be assessed and monitored (i.e.

Characterization of molecular and apical effects of legacy-contaminated groundwater on early life stages of fathead minnows.

Mechanistic toxicology approaches represent a promising alternative to traditional live animal testing; however, the often-noted uncertainties concerning the linkages between effects observed at molecular and apical levels curtails the adoption of such approaches. The objective of this study was to apply a novel transcriptomics tool, EcoToxChips, to characterize the effects of complex mixtures of contaminants in fish and to compare molecular response patterns to higher-level biological responses including swimming behavior, deformities, and mortality. Fathead minnow (FHM) embryos were exposed for seven days to increasing concentrations of groundwater collected from moderate (MIAZ) and high (HIAZ) industrial activity zones of a legacy contaminated site.

Slipped-Strand Mispairing in the Gene Encoding Sialidase NanH3 in spp.

Cell wall proteins with sialidase activity are involved in carbohydrate assimilation, adhesion to mucosal surfaces, and biofilm formation. spp. inhabit the human vaginal microbiome and encode up to three sialidase enzymes, two of which are suspected to be cell wall associated.